DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DIGITAL THERMOMETER
The project is titled “The design and construction of a digital thermometer”. The device display temperature information numerically. Thus help to avoid the limitation due to parallax error in analogue device. The whole system incorporates a microcontroller which is interfaced to other components. This component include temperature sensor, an analogue -to-digital converter, an 8051 microcontroller and a 16x2 LCD display unit. The temperature sensor used is thermistor. The sensor senses temperature and generates an analogue voltage which is proportional to the sensed temperature.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- TYPES OF DIGITAL THERMOMETER
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ANDDEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDY
2.2 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF THERMOMETRY
2.3 THERMOMETRIC MATERIALS
2.4 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY THERMOMETERS
2.5 CALIBRATION OF THERMOMETERS
2.6 REVIEW OF TWO KINDS OF CONVENTIONAL THERMOMETERS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM
3.3 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4 SYSTEM WORKING PRINCIPLE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.2 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer) in which some physical change occurs with temperature, and (2) some means of converting this physical change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer). Thermometers are widely used in industry to control and regulate processes, in the study of weather, in medicine, and in scientific research.
There are various principles by which different thermometers operate. They include the thermal expansion of solids or liquids with temperature, and the change in pressure of a gas on heating or cooling. Radiation-type thermometers measure the infrared energy emitted by an object, allowing measurement of temperature without contact. Most metals are good conductors of heat and they are solids at room temperature. Mercury is the only one in liquid state at room temperature, and has high coefficient of expansion. Hence, the slightest change in temperature is notable when it's used in a thermometer. This is the reason behind mercury and alcohol being used in thermometer.
This work focuses on the a digital thermometer, It consists of a thermister to sense the temperature and an electronic display of the temperature. Digital thermometers are used orally, rectally or under the arm. It can read temperature from 94⁰F to 105⁰F
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a device used to measure the temperature of any particular device or living body and displays the reading. A thermometer scale can be in Fahrenheit or Celsius.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- Accuracy: The temperature reading doesn’t depends on scale reading and instead shown directly on the display. Hence temperature can be read exactly and accurately.
- Speed: Digital thermometers can reach a final temperature in 5 to 10 seconds compared to conventional thermometers.
- Safety: Digital thermometers don’t use mercury, hence the hazards of the mercury is eliminated in case the thermometer breaks.
- Strong: The thermometer doesn’t needs to be shaken for the proper mercury level, hence the risk of the tube getting broken is eliminated.
1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
Medical Applications: The digital thermometers are used to measure human body temperature around 37⁰C. These thermometers are mostly probe type or ear type. It measures oral, rectal and arm pit body temperature.
Marine Applications: Digital thermometers with high temperature exhaust gas sensor as the temperature sensor can be used in marine applications for measuring the local temperature.
Industrial Applications: Digital thermometers are also used in power plants, nuclear power plants, blast furnaces, ship building industries etc. They can measure temperature from -220⁰C to +850⁰C.
1.5 TYPES OF DIGITAL THERMOMETERS
Digital Thermometer ref ECT-1: It measures temperature from 32⁰C to 42⁰C with an accuracy of 0.1⁰C. It is used mainly in medical applications.
Digital Thermometer Model Number: EFT-3: It measures temperature from 50⁰C to 125⁰C. It is used to measure temperature of solid and liquid food
Thermolab digital thermometer IP65: It measures temperature range from 50 to 200 ⁰C with an accuracy of +/-1⁰C.
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