CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This work is on remote control dish antenna tracking system. The main scope of the project is to control the Dish antenna from a remote area. Stepper motors operate differently from normal DC motors, which rotate when voltage is applied to their terminals. Stepper motors, on the other hand, effectively have multiple "toothed" electromagnets arranged around a central gear-shaped piece of iron. The electromagnets are energized by an external control circuit, such as a microcontroller.
To make the motor shaft turn, first one electromagnet is given power, which makes the gear's teeth magnetically attracted to the electromagnet's teeth. When the gear's teeth are thus aligned to the first electromagnet, they are slightly offset from the next electromagnet. So, when the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is turned off, the gear rotates slightly to align with the next one, and from there the process is repeated. Each of those slight rotations is called a "step." In that way, the motor can be turned to a precise angle.
To control the Stepper motor position we are interfacing it to the Microcontroller. We are assigning four switches to the controller in order to change to the desired speed; we need to press the corresponding switch. Microcontroller cannot drive the stepper motor directly, for that purpose we use a driver IC ULN2003.
Advantages of stepper motors are low cost, high reliability, high torque at low speeds and a simple, rugged construction that operates in almost any environment. The main disadvantages in using a step motor is the resonance effect often exhibited at low speeds and decreasing torque with increasing speed.
The status of the dish antenna such as direction, angle will be displayed through an LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) interface which will help the user to know direction, angle In addition, we may include new facilities in the program development environments, the use of this program facility will reduce the engineering effort of an application. They may be editing and compilation facilities which support application programming in all the languages.
Applications of this can be used in dish antenna where there is a need for changing the antenna’ direction accordingly and precisely to the direction of the signals...read more
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