DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN OPTIMUM ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
The energy consumption of buildings represents a large part of the world’s total energy consumption. In order to achieve this project is developed to monitor the number of persons entering as well as exiting a room. This is a preferred way of controlling electrical loads by 'switching on' the lights as the first person enters, and then switching off as the last person leaves.
This application is an automation system to save energy. In this project, a 555 timer driven at 38 KHz signal to an IR LED gets interrupted on to the IR receiver, to sense the person entering as well as exiting the room, and which is then fed to a 555 timer. There are two pairs of sensors, each kept at a certain distance from each other. One pair of sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver, kept exactly opposite to each other. The output of the 555 timer is fed to the Microcontroller for analyzing and control purpose. . The transmitting part emits modulated IR light which is received at the receiver end and fed to a microcontroller. The data obtained from the microcontroller is given to a 7-segment display unit, which displays the number of persons entering, and exiting. A relay is used to control any load for alerting through its ‘NO’ contacts, which is interfaced with the microcontroller through a relay driver.
The power supply consists of a step-down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to a DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter, and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805, which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components.
Furthermore, the system's efficiency can be heightened by using a timer arrangement in the project so that if the load switching doesn’t take place for some reason as desired, then the timer would complete the task after a prefixed time.
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