ABTRACT
Window unit air conditioners are installed in an open window. The interior air is cooled as a fan blows it over the evaporator. On the exterior the heat drawn from the interior is dissipated into the environment as a second fan blows outside air over the condenser. A large house or building may have several such units, permitting each room to be cooled separately.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more comfortable conditions, typically with the aim of distributing the conditioned air to an occupied space such as a building or a vehicle to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. In common use, an air conditioner is a device that lowers the air temperature. The cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free cooling is used. Air conditioning systems can also be made based on desiccants.
In the most general sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of technology that modifies the condition of air. However, in construction, such a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Window air conditioner is sometimes referred to as room air conditioner as well. It is the simplest form of an air conditioning system and is mounted on windows or walls. It is a single unit that is assembled in a casing where all the components are located.
This refrigeration unit has a double shaft fan motor with fans mounted on both sides of the motor. One at the evaporator side and the other at the condenser side.
The evaporator side is located facing the room for cooling of the space and the condenser side outdoor for heat rejection. There is an insulated partition separating these two sides within the same casing.
1.2 AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of this work is to construct and install a 1.5 horse power window ac. At the end of this work student involve will be able to:
- identified all the accessories of an ac and their functions
- Understand the working principle of an ac
- Differentiate between different types of air conditioner, and at the end will be able to install window air conditioner unit.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Air conditioners make air cooler by circulating it through a freon mechanism, similar to what happens in a refrigerator. They are functionally different from fans, because fans don't actually cool air, but only make it feel cooler by moving it around. The advantage of air conditioners is that they increase comfort levels during hot weather, but they can also present various disadvantages.
Most people use air conditioners to stay more comfortable in their homes or offices during hot and humid summer weather. Under extreme conditions, air conditioners may keep elderly and other vulnerable people safer from heat-induced health problems. Air conditioners are used in many commercial settings not only for increased comfort but for decreasing heat stress on delicate machinery such as computers, and reducing food spoilage in grocery stores and restaurants.
Air conditioners use a lot of electricity. This creates both financial disadvantages for the people who have to pay for the power, and more generalized environmental disadvantages caused by power production. Because a large percentage of electricity is created by coal-burning power plants, air conditioning contributes indirectly to the release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. In addition, according to The Independent, spending too much time in an air-conditioned environment can contribute to health problems such as asthma, tightness in the chest and other respiratory ailments.
In poorly designed buildings, air-conditioning is sometimes used to make up for poor design and lack of insulation. Well-designed buildings can orient themselves to the sun in a way that reduces summer heat gain, using shade trees and insulation to reduce the effect of high temperatures on the interior climate. Even when air conditioners are being used, these measures will reduce their workload, decreasing their power usage and increasing their lifetimes. The advantages of air conditioners can, therefore, be maximized when used in conjunction with environmentally sound design and common sense.
1.5 TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
The choice of which air conditioner system to use depends upon a number of factors including how large the area is to be cooled, the total heat generated inside the enclosed area. Types of air conditioner are as below:
Window Air Conditioner
Window ac is the most commonly used air conditioner for single rooms. In this air conditioner all the components, namely the compressor, condenser, expansion valve or coil, evaporator and cooling coil are enclosed in a single box. This unit is fitted in a slot made in the wall of the room, or more commonly a window sill.
Split Air Conditioner
The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor, condenser and expansion valve. The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. For this unit you don’t have to make any slot in the wall of the room. Further, present day split units have aesthetic appeal and do not take up as much space as a window unit. A split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.
Packaged Air Conditioner
Designer will suggest this type of air conditioner if you want to cool more than two rooms or a larger space at your home or office. There are two possible arrangements with the package unit. In the first one, all the components, namely the compressor, condenser (which can be air cooled or water cooled), expansion valve and evaporator are housed in a single box. The cooled air is thrown by the high capacity blower, and it flows through the ducts laid through various rooms. In the second arrangement, the compressor and condenser are housed in one casing. The compressed gas passes through individual units, comprised of the expansion valve and cooling coil, located in various rooms.
Central Air Conditioning System
Central air conditioning is used for cooling big buildings, houses, offices, entire hotels, gyms, movie theaters, factories etc. If the whole building is to be air conditioned, HVAC engineers find that putting individual units in each of the rooms is very expensive making this a better option. A central air conditioning system is comprised of a huge compressor that has the capacity to produce hundreds of tons of air conditioning. Cooling big halls, malls, huge spaces, galleries etc is usually only feasible with central conditioning units.
1.6 APPLICATION OF AN AIR CONDITIONER
Air-conditioning applications are as follow:
Comfort applications
Comfort applications aim to provide a building indoor environment that remains relatively constant despite changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads.
Air conditioning makes deep plan buildings feasible, for otherwise they would have to be built narrower or with light wells so that inner spaces received sufficient outdoor air via natural ventilation. Air conditioning also allows buildings to be taller, since wind speed increases significantly with altitude making natural ventilation impractical for very tall buildings. Comfort applications are quite different for various building types and may be categorized as:
- Commercial buildings, which are built for commerce, including offices, malls, shopping centers, restaurants.
- High-rise residential buildings, such as tall dormitories and apartment blocks
- Industrial spaces where thermal comfort of workers is desired
- Institutional buildings, which includes government buildings, hospitals, schools, etc.
- Low-rise residential buildings, including single-family houses, duplexes, and small apartment buildings
- Sports stadiums.
The structural impact of an air conditioning unit will depend on the type and size of the unit.
In addition to buildings, air conditioning can be used for many types of transportation, including automobiles, buses and other land vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft.
Process applications
Process applications aim to provide a suitable environment for a process being carried out, regardless of internal heat and humidity loads and external weather conditions. It is the needs of the process that determine conditions, not human preference. Process applications include these:
- Chemical and biological laboratories
- Cleanrooms for the production of integrated circuits, pharmaceuticals, and the like, in which very high levels of air cleanliness and control of temperature and humidity are required for the success of the process.
- Environmental control of data centers
- Facilities for breeding laboratory animals. Since many animals normally reproduce only in spring, holding them in rooms in which conditions mirror those of spring all year can cause them to reproduce year-round.
- Food cooking and processing areas
- Hospital operating theatres, in which air is filtered to high levels to reduce infection risk and the humidity controlled to limit patient dehydration. Although temperatures are often in the comfort range, some specialist procedures, such as open heart surgery, require low temperatures (about 18 °C, 64 °F) and others, such as neonatal, relatively high temperatures (about 28 °C, 82 °F).
- Industrial environments
- Mining
- Nuclear power facilities
- Physical testing facilities
- Plants and farm growing areas
- Textile manufacturing
In both comfort and process applications, the objective may be to not only control temperature, but also humidity, air quality, and air movement from space to space.
Health issues
Conversely, air conditioning (including filtration, humidification, cooling and disinfection) can be used to provide a clean, safe, hypoallergenic atmosphere in hospital operating rooms and other environments where an appropriate atmosphere is critical to patient safety and well-being.
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