ABSTRACT
The essence of this project work is to reveal the importance of maintenance and how to maintain a generator set with out consulting technician, this work has been made to illustrate the steps an individual’s needs to carry out when servicing or maintenance  work in his or her power generating system. The maintenance strategies, as we have (preventive) and (corrective) maintenance and for after the breakdown of the equipment. It also provides safety to the owner to avoid any loss. This research work deal with techniques and procedures for maintaining your generator set by dusting, cleaning and replacing the part for long lasting and effective functioning. In most case we usually start by checking the overall condition of the generator set  (i) look for corroded elements, loose wires, stock button etc. (ii) checking if there is any loosed connection and frayed wiring make sure that the area around the generator set is clean. In maintaining servicing and coupling a generator set you need to know the generator component or part that will come first before others and which one will house other and faulty part that need to be replaced.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page……………………………………………………………………………....i
Certification ……………………………………………………………………………..ii
Dedication……………………………………………………………………………….iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………iv
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..v-x 
CHATPER ONE
1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………1-7
1.1 Our concern about internal combustion engine power plant (mobile) known as generating set or generator….8-9
1.2 Background of the study………………………………………………..10
1.3 Objective of the study……………………………………………………….11
1.4 Scope of the study…………………………………………………………….11
1.5 Limitation of study………………………………………………………11-12
1.6 significance of the study……………………………………………12-13

CHAPTER TWO
2.0   Literature review…………………………………………………………….14
2.1 The origin of electric power generator and internal………14-21 combustion engine (I.C.E)
2.2 Origin of internal combustion engine……………………………21-28
2.3 Origin of alternators………………………………………………………..28-29
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Maintenance of generator………………………………………………………30
3.1 Types of maintenance………………………………………………………30-32    
3.2 Definition and maintenance of parts of a 3HP generator………………………………………………………………………….……..32
3.2.1 Piston and rings………………………………………………………….32-33
3.2.2 Carburetor……………………………………………………………………33-34
3.2.3 Crankshaft and con-rod………………………………………………..….35
3.2.4 Engine block……………………………………………………………………...36
3.2.5 The exhaust unit……………………………………………………………..…37 
3.2.6 Fuel tank…………………………………………………………………………...38
3.2.7 Spark plug……………………………………………………………………..39-40
3.2. 8 Replacement of oil…………………………………………………………….40
3.3 Prestart checklist ……………………………………………………………41-42
3.3.1 How to make mixed gasoline  ………………………………………...42
3.3.2  Exercising generator set…………………………………………………..43
3.3.3 Automatic stopping…………………………………………………………...44

• Emergency stopping………………………………………………..44-45

3.4 faults ……………………………………………………………………..……………44
3.4.1 Shout down………………………………………………………………………45
3.5 Generator set operation……………………………………………………….45
3.5.1 Starting the generator set……………………………………………45-47
3.5.2 Stopping generator set……………………………………………….47-50
CHAPTER FOUR

• Material and method………………………………………………………….51

4.1 Method………………………………………………………………………………….52
4.2 Maintenance of the crankshaft case…………………………………….53
4.3 Importance of generator……………………………………………………..54
4.4 Providing backup support increase of power failure……………54
4.5 Powering the whole house…………………………………………………….54
4.6 Generator used heating and powering appliance…………………55    
4.7  Presentation of data analysis ……………………………………………..55
4.7.1 Presentation of data (generator parts)………………………..55-56
4.8 Installation analysis……………………………………………………………..57
4.8.1 Fixing of con-rod to crankshaft…………………………………………57
4.8.2 Fixing crankshaft into the crankcase………………………………..57
4.9 Install engine block………………………………………………………………..58
4.9.1 Install exhaust unit…………………………………………………………….58
4.9.2  Install carburetor ………………………………………………………......59
4.9.3  Fix the dashing board ……………………………………………………….69
4.9.4 Fix the starter kit………………………………………………………………..59
4.9.5 Connection of wire………………………………………………………………60
4.9.6 Install engine and feed coil…………………………………………………60
4.9.7  Install the armature   ……………………………………………………….60
4.9.8 Fixing the position to con-rod ……………………………………………61
4.9.9 Fixing the fuel tank……………………………………………………………61
4.9.10 Start the generator………………………………………………………..62
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary conclusion and recommendation………………………..63
5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….63-64
5.2 Recommendation…………………………………………………………….....64
References

 

CHATPER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
It is increasing popular to service generator.  In cases it saves money. Having known how to couple the generator yourself one become very familiar with that system and with generator in general. Here common sense generator tips are found being focusing on preventive maintenance.c
“Preventive maintenance is maintenance that is regularly performed on a piece of equipment to lessen the likelihood of it failing.” Preventive maintenance is what should concern you as a generator owner. Corrective maintenance which is any maintenance performed to return to proper working order.” Corrective maintenance should be left for generator mechanics. One assurance that observing preventive maintenance guideline provided here will reduce your need for corrective maintenance. Following these tips will also ensure quality manufacturer warranty if things go wrong. Here are your generator maintenance tips, study in details the user manual before using the generator set, in the manual information’s on how to properly use and maintain generator, start and stop generator. It also important to state that the recommended guidelines given here should not be a replacement for reading your generator. When the recommendation here conflict with generator user manual, we advice to from generator manual instead, Inspect generator and connection before each start, check oil and fuel level before starting the generator, if the generator uses coolant (like water) , also check the coolant level. Ensure coolant, fuel, and engine oil are in the right level before starting the generator. Check for leakages in the fuel line or spilled fuel; replace line if broken, clean up fuel spills, before starting the generator. Also inspect the electrical wiring, use recommended engine oil, check level before starting power generator crankcase must be filled with the manufacturer recommended engine oil if possible buy engine oils in gallons and ensure that the logo showing that the oil meets the minimum standard required by the generator manufacturer is on the label. If the oil must be bought in pints ensure to ask the retailer for the container of the engine oil. Just to be sure that the engine oil level of crankcase is within its limits, before starting the generator. Ensure that the oil is clean, as the generator crankcase gets dirty with time it is important that changing of oil should be done sometimes by draining the crankcase of oil and then refilling with the recommended engine oil for generators operating in Nigeria this ritual should take place every two (2) months in addition ensure to change your engine oil within the first month of use. Consult generator manufacture manual for details. Replace parts with only genuine spares, make sure that repair mechanic uses the right parts when replacing like spark plugs make sure they are the one recommended by the generator manufacturer. Load generator at less than 70% rated capacity for best performance and longevity of generator load it at less than 50% of its rated capacity for continuous usage.
This recommendation is very important for generators that are used frequently as it’s usually. The case for generators operating in Nigeria, this means that a 2.24KVA generator should not be over loaded to avoid visiting generator mechanics  frequently improper loading is the most common cause of generator brake down the funny part is that when generator breaks down, you blame it on the manufacturer, if generator usually having two power rating, the maximum power which is the level of loading that must burst not be exceeded under any circumstances and the rated power which is actually the power that determines the level of load the generator can handle. Note that although generator can handful loading, it is not recommended for generators used frequently. It is better you limit loading to less than 70% (or even 50%) of generator full load. Electric generator should not be overloaded; it must be operated within the rated power. If the sound of the generator is changing due to excessive loading switch out, turn out all appliances before turning on generator again for an optimum generator operation, generator should be operated about half the rated power, load and unload generator is one of the most common causes of generator brake down. Do not start generator at no load, then apply load gradually turn off all appliance gradually one after another. Starting those with higher starting voltage like TV, refrigerator, A/c, computer monitor, etc. for example appliance like freezers, A/C, refrigerator require about 3 times rated power to start. That means that a refrigerator rated 300w will require about 1,200walt starting. This is why to ensure the high staring power required to start appliance does not overload the generator. This also a reason why the generator must not run out of fuel, except if the capacity of the generator can handle the cumulative starting power of all appliance, never start generator with everything appliance on switch off appliance gradually allow the generator to run at no load  for a while before turning off generator. Service and install generator by authorized mechanics/ electricians, do not take generator to unqualified mechanics for most generator mechanics in Nigeria are not qualified. Ask the generator dealer to recommend a good generator mechanics for generator servicing and repair. Good generator dealer usually have servicing department to handle all your servicing needs. If they do take generator to them when it needs servicing or repair. Also ensure that an authorized technician install your generator. Ensure generator spark plug is clean. A spark plug is conjunction with the starter system and the engine provide the energy for power generator starter system and is most likely to damage it. Always ensure that spark plug are clean using wrench remove the spark plugs and inspect for art or cracks. Remove dirt with a wire brush. If insulator on the spark plug is cracked. Always have a spare part plug handy. Ensure that the gap of the spark plug is within the limit set by generator manufacturer, check the spark plug every six (6) weeks, adjust gap and clean or change it damaged, clean the spark plug with wire brush or sand paper. Consult generator manufacturer manual for detail fill fuel tank with right fuel, check fuel level electric power generator set should not be operated with a close to empty tank, never allow the fuel in generator fuel tank to go to less than 5% of the generator tank capacity worst still never allow generator to stop automatically due to an empty tank. Starting generator of fuel can cause problems for engine. Ensure that the fuel you put in the  tank is the recommended fuel(petrol or diesel) two stroke engine like those in small generators require a mixture of fuel with engine oil, make sure you mix to instruction. Ensure that the fuel tank, jerry can and tunnel are free of any contamination, do not buy fuel from the road side or from a filling station that is not trusted, also ensure the refilling generator while the engine is still running. switch off mobile phones while refilling generator. Ensure generator is clean in and out; clean the body of dust, water or fuel spills. Ensure that the fuel tank is checked and by an authorized generator technician at least every eighteen (18) months or as recommended by generator manufacturer.  The generating set is bound to serve and qive it all the right that are due to it.

 

1.1 OUR CONCERN ABOUT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE POWER PLANT (MOBLIE) KNOWN AS GENERATING SET OR GENERATOR.
An electrical generator is a device, that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The resent conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor. Motors and generators have many similarities, a generator forces electric charge to move though an external electric circuit but it does not create electricity or charge which is already present in the wire of winding. It is somehow analogous to a water pump which creates a flow of water but does not create the water suite.
The two main parts of a generator can be described in either mechanical or electrical terms.
MECHANICAL

ELECTRICAL

 

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
(DEFINITION)
A power plant is defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy. Focusing on electric power generator, the main equipment needed for the generation of electric power is the generator. During coupling, it is connected to a prime mover which runs it and the electricity is generated. The type of prime moves determines the type of power plant. 
THE MAJOR TYPES OF POWER PLANT ARE

 

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to avoid the consequences of failure of equipment. This may be by preventing the failure before it actually occurs which planned maintenance and condition based maintenance help to achieve. It is designed to preserve and restore equipment reliability by replacing worn components before they actually fail. Preventive maintenance activities include partial or complete overhauls at specified periods, oil changes, lubrication, minor adjustments, and so on.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study will be strictly restricted to the maintenance of 3HP [2.24KVA] generating set.
1.5 LIMITATION OF STUDY
Many constraints limited the extent this work would have gone they are as follows

We do not have all the time in our hands especially when we combine it with our regular academic work and other things

 

 

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