SINGLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT ANALYSIS IN 11KV DISTRIBUTION FEEDER
(a case study of ado Ekiti electrical power distribution district)
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The aim of this research work is to carry out fault analysis of 11KV distribution power system. Electric power is an essential facilitator for sustainable development of the modern nation state. While Nigeria is reported to suffer from severe shortages of electric power the condition of some of its newer constitutional units are unknown. In this work, electric power infrastructure and energy availability is studied for Ado-Ekiti, the principal economic and political hub of Ekiti State. During the study, the condition of all relevant equipment for power distribution at the 11 kV level was assessed. Power availability was also considered by collecting necessary data that had to do with energy supplied, faults and other outages. It was discovered that the distribution lines were in a rather poor state with as many as 25% of the poles not meeting a condition of "goodness", 33% of cross-arms being broken or unsatisfactory, about 10% of the insulators defective and almost 40% of the span not complying with standards. Hence this work presents a research on fault analysis of Ado Ekiti distribution power system.
Keywords: Distribution System, Over-current, Feeder, Earth Fault, Differential Fault, Ring Main
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ELEMENTS OF ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION
2.2 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
2.3 COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
2.4 DISTRIBUTION FAULTS
2.5 MOST LIKELY CAUSES OF FAULT ON H.T AND L.T OVERHEAD LINES
2.7 TYPES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
2.8 DIFFERENT TYPES OF POWER FAULTS
2.9 CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL FAULTS
2.10 EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL FAULTS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHOD
3.1 THE ADO- EKITI DISTRICT OF THE PHCN
3.2 STUDY PROCESS FOR ASSESSMENT
3.3 FAILURE RATE ANALYSIS
3.4 LOAD CURVE STUDIES
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE FEEDER NETWORK IN THE ADO DISTRICT
4.1 ESTIMATION OF LOAD CURVES FOR THE ADO DISTRICT
4.2 ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE EPDS IN THE ADO DISTRICT
4.3 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The predominant factor distinguishing modern man from his ancestors is the ability to efficiently manage energy. In recent times electric power has become the most ubiquitous form of energy used for production, recreation, control and for carrying out most activities because of the ease with which it can be produced, transported and converted to various applications.
Distribution system is the largest portion of the electrical power system (Goran et al., 2008). It can be defined as the part of a power system that distributes power to various customers in ready-to-use form at their place of consumption (Ramesh et al., 2009). Distribution system is the medium through which electric power is conveyed in bulk from the power distribution station to the various end users (Adejumobi et al., 2012). It holds a very significant position in the power system since it is the main point of the link between bulk power and consumers (Gupta et al., 2013).
Ado Ekiti is an agrarian town in the southwestern part of Nigeria. The town lacks many infrastructures which is common in most of the developing countries. One of these infrastructures is the poor state of electric power distribution. Electric Power distribution system in Ado Ekiti is something of a major concern. There are more outages than uninterrupted power supply in most parts of the state all the year round.
It is a known fact that electricity plays a dominant role in the socioeconomic development of any community. In view of the foregoing, this project seeks to identify the problems militating against regular, good quality electric power supply in the Ado Business district of Ekiti-State with a view to proffering solutions and suggestions where necessary. This is to improve the socioeconomic life of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN)’s customers in the state. Given this unsatisfactory state of affairs and the lack of comprehensive studies to formally guide the development of electric power in the state, there is a dire need for an assessment of the Ekiti-state electric power distribution with a view to quantifying the availability of electric power and examining some of the physical factors that may contribute to the poor state of electric power infrastructure so that remedial suggestions may be proffered for improved system performance. It is in the light of this situation that this research has been conceived so as to provide useful information of the present condition from which rational and well-thought out improvements can be planned and implemented. Having analyzed the performance evaluation of Ado Ekiti power system, this paper provides all the expedient solutions to enhance reliability and availability of power supply in Ado Ekiti Power Distribution District.
Research Problem
The main research objective addressed in this project is to carry out an assessment of the electric power distribution system in the Ado district of Ekiti-State with a view to identifying and quantifying important parameters that can provide concise description of the state of electric power.
Objectives of the Research
The objectives of this research study are:
- To collate relevant information about the physical conditions of the electric power distribution system in the Ado district of Ekiti-State.
- To create a database of faults experienced between 2001 and 2009 on the distribution network in the district and to carry out an analysis of the faults.
- To study the quality of power and assesses the performance of the network between 2009 and 2010 by calculating useful indices of performance.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study covers assessing the condition of all relevant equipment for power distribution at the 11 kV level. Power availability was also considered by collecting necessary data that had to do with energy supplied, faults and other outages.
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusions
In the course of this project an engineering assessment of the electric power distribution system in the Ado district of Ekiti-State has been carried out. The assessment aimed at investigating the physical state of the distribution system, operational performance of the system in terms of determining hours of power supply, hours of black-out, hours of load shedding, hours of fault as well as obtaining probabilities of consecutive hours of power at any time of the day.
From the results obtained in chapter four of this thesis, it is seen that on an annual average basis Ekiti-State is experiencing erratic power supply as power may only be available in about just a third of a year. This is evident in the fact that power may only be available for three consecutive hours for 101 days at 2.00a.m on the Bashiri feeder, the highest value for the four feeders. The low value is attributable to poor supply from source of power, periods of load shedding, periods of fault as a result of the poor state of the lines and other outages whether planned or unplanned.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are hereby advanced so as to improve system performance of power distribution in Ekiti-State:
- More attention should be paid to the maintenance of the distribution network by the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN).
- Government should vote more funds to infrastructural development of electric power distribution so that defective components can be replaced as soon as possible.
- The radial configuration of the distribution network should be replaced with a ring network so that power can be supplied from alternative sources.
- The right-of-ways should be adequately maintained in order to avoid interruptions on the network as a result of incidences of fallen trees and creepers. This will also make line tracing much easier.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)"is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of an arduino based public address system"was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)"consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "single line to ground fault analysis in 11kv distribution feeder (a case study of ado ekiti electrical power distribution district)" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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