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TITLE PAGE
A WAY OF RECYCLING PLASTIC THAT CAN BE USEFUL IN CONSTRUCTION
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Disposal of non-bio-degradable substance has become an issue of major concern now days. Mounds of plastic garbage have been created on earth surface. Laterite quarry waste is abundantly available and disposal of waste plastics (PETE, PP, etc.) is the biggest challenge. Only one in six plastic bottles are properly recycled .On other hand high cost of primary requirement for constructing the houses in places on where people are under poverty line is forming one of most significant problems of people. A suitable approach for this situation is using some part of urban rubbish or waste as required materials for building construction. Plastic bottle is considered as urban junk .but with sustainability characteristic it can be used as construction material instead of some conventional material such as brick in building construction.
This study investigates the practice of the use of Recycled Plastic Bottles (RPB) for a sustainable community-based housing project in Nigeria precisely in Ogun State. The study adopts the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), and Behaviour Change Theory (BCT) as the theoretical guide. Fieldwork was conducted in semi-urban and urban communities of Ogun State, Nigeria where a majority of individuals experience the challenge of affordable housing and environmental pollution concurrently. A total of 385 respondents were used as a sample for the study. This was determined through a sample size calculator developed by Raosoft Incorporation. Both qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative (questionnaire) data were used to ascertain the level of knowledge and practice of RPB built homes, its challenges, prospects and the way forward in building sustainable homes and the environment in Nigeria and beyond. The findings of the study were discussed within the existing literature and recommendations were provided for policy action.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION THEORY
- BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE THEORY (BCT)
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
- PROBLEMS IN RECYCLING OF PLASTICS
- ADVANTAGES OF USING PLASTICS IN CONCRETE
- BASIC CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- RESEARCH DESIGN
- STUDY AREA
- THE POPULATION OF THE STUDY
- SAMPLING SIZE AND TECHNIQUES
- METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
- METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
- ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
- THEORETICAL DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nowadays, human apply all of its potentiality to consume more. The result of this high consumption is nothing unless reducing the initial resources and increasing the landfill. In recent times, human from the one hand is always seeking broader sources with lower price and from the other hand is following the way to get the rid of the wastes. The waste today can be produced wherever humans footprints be existed, and remind him that they have not chosen the appropriate method for exploitation of the nature At the present time, the possibility of utilizing the renewable resources such as solar, wind, geothermal has been provided for us more than before, and development of this science is making progress. But those energies can be chosen as one of the renewable and alternative energies instead of fossil fuels which are cheap as possible and have fewer environmental impacts. Since no attention to economic issues lead to that the use of these energies be just for groups dedicated to specific segments of society.
Whilst many renewable energy projects are large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development. With population growth in today’s world, the need to the building has increased and to respond to this demand, the countries tend to use the industrial building materials and decline the use of indigenous and traditional materials.
These factors in spite of increasing the energy consumption in the industry section; they can also raise the cost of house and are considered as the barrier for users to obtain the basic needs of the life. The problem of users is losing the power and ability of design and building their own homes by themselves. Two factors that prevent aboriginal people from building their homes are high cost building materials and labor and also maybe long transportation. One of the solutions for this problem can be Solve In following Manner.
- Use of affordable recycled materials in buildings
- Using the method of regenerating through proper education to people. In the past, the glass was common in packing some foods such as milk and etc. They could be returned to the factory for using again for the same purpose. But now by changing the human’s disposal culture, glass bottles have been replaced by plastic bottles, as they have increasingly become one of the substances of destruction of the landfills because they decompose in a long time. Two alternative solutions against the plastic bottle disposal are recycling and reusing process. Recycling needs additional energy to treat the materials for producing something usable. Moreover, the recycling process produces wastewater and air pollutants. So the best solution is reusing for which no additional energy is required and does not contribute to pollution. Indeed, when we reuse junk, we are helping to save the obtained energy which would otherwise be wasted. It is focused on not only the financial aspect but also the environmental aspect.
Plastics are produced from the oil that is considered as nonrenewable resource. Because plastic has the insolubility about 300 years in the nature, it is considered as a sustainable waste and environmental pollutant. So reusing or recycling of it can be effectual in mitigation of environmental impacts relating to it. It has been proven that the use of plastic bottles as innovative materials for building can be a proper solution for replacement of conventional materials. The use of this material has been considered not only for exterior walls but also for the ceiling of the building. This work is to investigate the using of plastic bottles as municipal wastes in the buildings, the key and positive characteristics of this product and the benefits obtained by using it in building. It also intends to compare the characteristics of some construction materials such as brick, ceramic and concrete block with bottle panel.
Plastic have many good characteristics which include versatility, light-ness, hardness, and resistant to chemicals, water and impact. Plastic is one of the most disposable materials in the modern world. It makes up much of the street side litter in urban and rural areas. It is rapidly filling up landfills as choking water bodies. Plastic bottles make up approximately 11% of the content landfills, causing serious environmental consequences. Due to the consequences some of the plastic facts are as follow:
- More than 20,000 plastic bottles are needed to obtain one ton of plastic.
- It is estimated that 100 million tons of plastic are produced each year.
- The average European throws away 36 kg. of plastics each year.
- Some plastic waste sacks are made from 64% recycled plastic.
- Plastics packaging totals 42% of total consumption and every year little of this is recycled.
According to ENSO Bottles, in the 1960’s plastic bottle production has been negligible but over the years there was an alarming increase in bottles produced and sold but the rate of recycling is still very.
Plastics are produced from the oil that is considered as non-renewable resource. Because plastic has the insolubility about 300 years in the nature, it is considered as a sustainable waste and environmental pollutant. So reusing or recycling of it can be effectual in mitigation of environmental impacts relating to it. It has been proven that the use of plastic bottles as innovative materials for building can be a proper solution for replacement of conventional materials. The use of this material has been considered not only for exterior walls but also for the ceiling of the building. The objective of this work is to investigate the key and positive characteristics of this product and the benefits obtained by using it in building. It also intends to compare the characteristics of some construction materials such as brick, ceramic and concrete block with bottle. One can use solar bomb (bottle filled with bleaching powder solution) will be fitted on the roof for light source.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Now-a-days, the major problem of human being is the power and ability of design and building their own homes by themselves. Two factors that prevent aboriginal people from building their homes are high cost building materials (such as brick, ceramic and concrete block) and labor and also maybe long transportation. One of the solutions for this problem is to use recycle plastics for construction of materials such as brick, ceramic and concrete block with bottle.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this study is to investigate the practice of the use of Recycled Plastic Bottles (RPB) for a sustainable community-based housing project in Ogun State Nigeria. The objectives are:
- to investigate the application of plastic bottles which is one of the urban waste in building construction
- that how it can lead to sustainable development .
- It also mentions some ways for self-standing and insulating them in thermal and sound point of view and some positive points which this material have versus others.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The use of recycle plastics provides a cheap means of building house because of the availability of the plastics bottles in our environment. This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for constructing building materials such as brick, ceramic and concrete block. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the consumers of plastic drinks in that it will open their eyes to another useful way of using the plastic bottle.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-
Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.
1.7 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of " a way of recycling plastic that can be useful in construction" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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