AN INCREASING DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS IN OUR SOCIETY
(A CASE STUDY OF YOUTH OF UGHELLI METROPOLIS, DELTA STATE)
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TITLE PAGE
BY
AN INCREASING DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS IN OUR SOCIETY
(A CASE STUDY OF YOUTH OF UGHELLI METROPOLIS, DELTA STATE)
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of an increasing drug abuse among youths in our society(a case study of youth of ughelli metropolis, delta state)" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This study examines increasing drug abuse among youths in ughelli metropolis, Delta State Nigeria. It is a survey study. A sample of 300 respondents from the youths in ughelli metropolis participated in the study. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the work. The findings of the study revealed that: youths commonly abused drugs such as alcohol and hot drinks, tobacco, Indian hemp, marijuana; peer group influence contributed to abuse of drugs by youths and youths who abused drugs recorded poor livelihood. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that youths should be educated and enlightened about the dangers of drug abuse.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
- DEFINITION OF TERMS.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
- THEORIES OF DRUG ABUSE
- CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ABUSE
- THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
- INCIDENCE OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG NIGERIAN ADOLESCENTS
- STRATEGIES FOR COUNSELLING
- COMMON SYMPTOMS THAT PARENTS/FAMILY MEMBERS SHOULD LOOK OUT FOR
- IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS OF DRUG ABUSE
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- RESEARCH DESIGN
- POPULATION OF THE STUDY
- INSTRUMENT
- SAMPLE AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE
- INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
- VALIDITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
- RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
- DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
- PROCEDURE FOR DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1. PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS
4.2 RESULT ANALYSIS
CHPATER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Adolescents prefer an autonomous and independent life that is free from adult control, there by engaging in various delinquent acts (drug abuse, rape, robbery, cultism and vandalism) that are dangerous to the home, community, school and the nation. The impact of drug abuse among adolescents has been a stigma of moral decadence, violence, thugery, assault, madness and murder.
The menace of drug abuse has eaten deep into the fabrics of our society; however, with effective counselling programmes, the problems can be tackled through campaign against drug abuse by government and other relevant authorities Drug control counselling centres should be established in every community and qualified health counsellors should be employed in helping drug addicts by giving them special advice on how to go about the withdrawal system. Drug awareness units to be set up in all states by the federal, state and local government not to try people who use drugs as criminals, but to help solve their socio- psychological problem. This paper discusses the concept of drug abuse, types, theories of causes, signs and symptoms, effects, and strategies for counselling.
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Since the early times, herbs, leaves and plants have been use to heal and control diseases. The use of drugs in itself does not constitute any danger, because drugs correctly administered have been a blessing. Falco (1988) as cited by Sambo (2008) viewed that “chronic use of substances can cause serious, sometimes irreversible damage to adolescent’s physical and psychological development. The use of drugs could be beneficial or harmful depending on the mode of use.
A drug refers to a substance that could bring about a change in the biological function through its chemical actions (Okoye, 2001). It is also considered as a substance that modifies perceptions, cognition, mood, behaviour and general body functions (Balogun, 2006). They could thus, be considered as chemical modifiers of the living tissues that could bring about physiological and behavioural changes (Nnachi, 2007).
Drug abuse is a major public health problem all over the world (UNODC) (2005). The use and abuse of drugs by adolescents have become one of the most disturbing health related phenomena in Nigeria and other parts of the world (NDLEA; 1997).Several school going adolescents experience mental health programme, either temporarily or for a long period of time. Some become insane, maladjusted to school situations and eventually drop out of school.
According to Fawa (2003), “Drug is defined as any substance, which is used for treatment or prevention of a disease in man and animals. Drug alters the body functions either positively or otherwise depending on the body composition of the user, the type of drug used, the amount used and whether used singly or with other drugs at the same time”.
NAFDAC (2000) as cited by Haladu(2003) explained the term drug abuse as excessive and persistent self-administration of a drug without regard to the medically or culturally accepted patterns. It could also be viewed as the use of a drug to the extent that it interferes with the health and social function of an individual. World Book Encyclopedia (2004) defined drug abuse as the non-medical use of a drug that interferes with a healthy and productive life Manbe (2008) defined drug abuse as the excessive, maladaptive or addictive use of drugs for non-medical purpose.
Abdulahi (2009) viewed drug abuse as the use of drugs to the extent that interferes with the health and social function of an individual. In essence, drug abuse may be defined as the arbitrary overdependence or mis-use of one particular drug with or without a prior medical diagnosis from qualified health practitioners. It can also be viewed as the unlawful overdose in the use of drug(s).
Odejide (2000) warned that drug abusers who exhibit symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, behaviour changes, fatigue and loss or increase in appetite should be treated by medical experts and counsellors to save them from deadly diseases.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Better livelihood is not basically focus on wearing good clothes or eating three square meal everyday. More than these it requires that the subject, that is the youths, be of sound psychological state and the child’s willingness to actively participate in this process of self development. This process has to be cast in the youths’ mind as being of utmost priority. In the event that this soundness of mind cannot be met owing to say a mental defect, arrangements are made to adapt to such an illness. However, drug abuse has poised itself against this very important criterion for good development. This research work aims at studying this problem and possibly proffering feasible and qualitative solution in the end.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. How does peer group influence contribute to drug abuse among youths in ughelli metropolis, Delta State Nigeria?
2. What are the effects of drug abuse on the youth development and performance of youths in ughelli metropolis, Delta State Nigeria?
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
It is this research’s objective to successfully study the processes of radicalization of the youths which ends in his or her engaging in drug abuse. Drug abuse in the youth has always been looked at from the youths of the community seeing that stereotypically, they are seen as the most prone to drug abuse. Since, the tediousness of the community youth activities can logically turn one towards drug abuse. But researchers don’t fully grasp the dire need to carry extensive research of this same problem at local government level because in as much as they hardly feel the logical need to turn to drug abuse, curiosity and peer pressure stand as the two major factors that inform drug abuse in youth; a habit which once one is hooked on, lasts through university years and most cases a life time.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The areas of guidance and counseling stands to gain significantly from this present research work. Here, the problems of drug abuse which negatively influences the youth’s development will be duly enumerated and discusses and hopefully feasible solutions will be proffered. This will bear upon the development of guidance and counselling methods and approach to the issue. Sometimes age and environment can determine the methods to be adopted in combating an issue such as drug abuse.
Secondly, this research will also be of importance to publishers who specialize on children’s books. The findings here could go a long way in their instructional materials and their subtle advices to youths.
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis 1: There is no significant relationship between the reasons given for abusing drugs and youths development
Hypothesis 2: There is no significant relationship between the effects of drug abuse and youth development.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
As was mentioned in the background to the study of the present research, this research work would focus it’s study on the prevalence of drug abuse and it’s hampering at the youths level only. This means that attention would be given first to the problems of drug abuse peculiar to youths first before treating those that they share with other age range.
Secondly, the scope of this research will be around how drug abuse is problematic to the youths’ development. The health and sociological implications would be given secondary attention.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
A research such as this one would require a thorough examination of the large pool of youths and reading materials as it is a research that requires lots of one on one counselling of youths from various topography which will enquire particularly, of the reasons why they engage in drug abuse. This means that lots of questionnaires would be distributed to youths of the local government with questions designed to explicate the problems involved in drug abuse among them and why they engage in it. The above are the limitations of this research work namely the time constraints and financial inadequacies to cover wider grounds.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Drug Abuse: This refers to any use of pharmaceutical products for none medical purposes. This is also referee to as substance abuse. The drugs in question are usually illegal in majority of the countries.
Mental disorder: A mental condition marked primarily by disorganization of personality, mind, and emotions that seriously impairs the psychological or behavioral functioning of the individual. This is sometimes referred to as a mental health condition. Addiction is a mental disorder.
Intranasal: Taken through the nose.
Illicit: Illegal or forbidden by law.
Impulsivity: A tendency to act without foresight or regard for consequences and to prioritize immediate rewards over long-term goals.
Injection drug use (IDU): The act of administering drugs by injection. Blood-borne viruses, like HIV and hepatitis, can be transmitted via shared needles or other drug injection equipment.
Abstinence: Not using drugs or alcohol.
Addiction: A chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive (or difficult to control) drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences, as well as long-lasting changes in the brain. In the past, people who used drugs were called “addicts.” Current appropriate terms are people who use drugs and drug users.
Addiction Illegal/Illicit Drugs: Drugs that is illegal to produce, use, and sell.
Intoxication: A state of being drugged or poisoned; results from abuse of alcohol, barbiturates, toxic drugs, etc.
Intrinsic Activity: The extent to which a drug activates a receptor.
Legal Drugs: Everyday drugs not for medical use (e.g. alcohol, caffeine, carbohydrates, nicotine, etc.)
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of an increasing drug abuse among youths in our society(a case study of youth of ughelli metropolis, delta state)” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of an increasing drug abuse among youths in our society(a case study of youth of ughelli metropolis, delta state)” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of an increasing drug abuse among youths in our society(a case study of youth of ughelli metropolis, delta state)” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of an increasing drug abuse among youths in our society(a case study of youth of ughelli metropolis, delta state)” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of an increasing drug abuse among youths in our society(a case study of youth of ughelli metropolis, delta state)” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
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