USER'S INSTRUCTIONS: The project work you are about to view is on "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state". Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. This project topic "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" have complete 5(five) Chapters. The complete Project Material/writeup include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.Our aim of providing this "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" research materials. We are not encouraging any form of plagiarism. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works.

---

TITLE PAGE

 

BY

---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

---

APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
---
External Invigilator

---

DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

---

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

---

PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!

---

This study aims to capture the relationship between perceived growth barriers and enterprise size. This aim is pursued by developing a novel data-driven identification strategy that assigns firm size groups based on their statistical relationships to perceived growth barriers. The results suggest that small firms typically face constraints on equity financing, whereas larger firms face barriers regarding competition and recruitment. As a benchmark, the performance of the developed method is compared with prevailing strategies that use ad hoc firm size groups. The findings show that ad hoc groups fail to accurately capture size thresholds at which firms incur barriers, and they yield a consistently lower model fit compared with the method proposed here. Consequently, there may be a need for methodological rethink in the field regarding the treatment of firm size.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3      AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4      RESEARCH QUESTION
1.5      LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.6      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2      ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE GROWTH
2.3      SMES, INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
2.4      SIGNIFICANCE OF GROWTH IN SMES
2.5    THEORETICAL FRAME WORK TO STUDY THE GROWTH PATH   OF ENTERPRISES
2.6      OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS GROWTH
2.7   IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO GROWTH
2.8   THE APPROACHES SURROUNDING THE NEED FOR INTERVENTION FOR GROWTH
2.9    BUSINESS LIFE CYCLE
2.10   BARRIERS TO BUSINESS GROWTH

CHAPTER THREE
3.0     METHODOLOGY
3.1      ECONOMETRIC MODEL
3.2       DEPENDENT VARIABLES
3.3       IDENTIFYING FIRM SIZE CATEGORIES
3.4       CONTROL VARIABLES
3.5      ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF FIRM SIZE
3.6      EVALUATING MODEL PERFORMANCE
3.7       DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT
4.1      PERCEIVED GROWTH BARRIERS AND FIRM SIZE
4.2     MODEL PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0       CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                              INTRODUCTION
1.1                                                BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In recent decades, research on small business has moved from receiving sparse attention to becoming a recognized academic field. This research has had a large impact on the political debate, in which policymakers are showing increased interest in the entry and growth of young and small firms (McCann and Ortega Argiles 2016). However, there are concerns that their growth is constrained by internal and external barriers. Furthermore, there is currently little knowledge regarding which firms face growth barriers and, moreover, in what respect. In other words, although policymakers are willing to stimulate firm growth, there is currently a general uncertainty as to which factors to address and how.
Meanwhile, economic theory suggests that growth barriers are intimately associated with firm size, where the nature of these barriers is likely to change as firms grow. Prominently, firm growth is thought to be inhibited by constraints on management, liquidity, and financing as well as access to skilled labor (Nyström and Elvung 2014; Palazuelos et al. 2018). Moreover, these issues risk being exacerbated by institutional constraints (Bornhäll et al. 2017). Despite these conceptualizations, however, there is limited empirical evidence on the relationship between growth obstacles and firm size. Prior empirical work has typically used perceived growth barriers to identify factors that constrain business growth, where these perceptions are typically those of owners and/or top managers of firms (Lee 2014; Lee and Luca 2019). A common conclusion derived from this literature is that firms with 5–50 or, alternatively, 10–49 employees are more likely than other firms to face growth barriers, where firms have been studied using standardized, so-called “ad hoc,” definitions of firm size (Lee and Cowling 2014, 2015).
The previous literature on perceived growth obstacles is, however, limited in two respects. First, whereas previous analyses have used ad hoc firm size groups, the applicability of these groups to capture firm growth barriers has not been evaluated. Hence, in the absence of a benchmark, the literature is currently lacking an empirical backdrop against which its results can be interpreted. Moreover, and as a consequence of this constraint, there is also currently limited information with which to guide the design of future research. Second, as previous analyses have assigned firms into ad hoc assigned size groups, they are unlikely to have captured the specific size thresholds at which firms incur growth barriers, which limits our understanding of the concept. Given the above limitations, as well as the considerable academic and political interest in firm growth barriers, it is imperative that the matter be investigated further.
The aim of this study is threefold. The first aim is to capture the relationship between firm size and perceived growth barriers. This aim is pursued by developing a regression-based identification strategy that uses model predictive power (adjusted R2) and Kernel density weights to assign firm size groups. The second aim is to apply this method to an extensive cross-sectional dataset that covers approximately 44,000 micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, 0–249 employees) for the years 2011, 2014, and 2017. The third aim is to evaluate the performance of ad hoc firm size groups in explaining perceived growth barriers. This aim is achieved by comparing predictions and goodness- of-fit statistics across strategies.
This study contributes to the literature in at least three ways. First, it presents a novel data-driven methodology to study perceived growth barriers that offers greater precision and flexibility than previous methods. Specifically, previous methods have generally involved strong assumptions on the nature and confines of economic phenomena across firm size, whereas the proposed methodology overcomes these issues by instead allowing data to shape the analysis. In this way, the present work connects to an emerging interest in using data-driven methods to study firm growth (Coad and Srhoj 2019). Second, it presents the first analysis to evaluate the performance of ad hoc firm size groups with respect to perceived growth barriers, thereby providing a fundamental empirical benchmark for research in an expanding field. Third, the generalize ability of the developed method allows it to be applied across a diverse range of empirical settings. Through this contribution, the studypresents a solution to a common methodological issue within entrepreneurship research, i.e., how to assign discrete firm size groups.
By applying the developed identification strategy, it is found that firms with 76–144 employees are more likely than those with 0–14 employees to face barriers due to competition. Next, firms with 0–19 employees are found to be more likely than those with 41–249 employees to face growth barriers related to access to equity financing. However, they are less likely than those with 41–249 employees to face growth barriers related to recruiting staff. It is suggested that the similarity between these two results may reflect that financial resources are a binding constraint among smaller firms, whereas competition and recruitment may be more prominent constraints among larger ones.
A comparison of the results across strategies reveals that the developed identification strategy widely outperforms its ad hoc counterparts as it is able to account for the same mechanisms as the ad hoc methods while also allowing researchers to make detailed predictions on the size thresholds at which firms incur, versus overcome, growth barriers. In contrast, ad hoc groups are found to generally over- shoot the size thresholds at which firms incur growth barriers and to instead attribute the prevalence of perceived growth barriers to generic and considerably wider ranges of firm size.
The above notion is further strengthened upon evaluating the model fit of the applied strategies (McFadden’s pseudo R2), whereby the proposed identification strategy yields a consistently better fit than achieved by competing discrete measures of firm size. Based on these results, it is concluded that the use of ad hoc firm size groups likely limits our understanding of firm growth barriers and their antecedents. Given this insight, there may be a need to rethink the current treatment of firm size. Specifically, there may be a need for researchers to reevaluate the role of ad hoc strategies in empirical analysis.
The rest of this study is organized as follows. The next section presents a brief summary of the previous empirical literature on perceived firm growth barriers. The “Data” section provides detail on the data used, and the “Empirical strategy” section discusses the empirical method. The “Econometric model” section contains the results of the econometric analysis. The “Dependent variables” section provides concluding remarks.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Entrepreneurship is all about the identification of an opportunity, creation of new organization, and pursuing new ventures (Carton et al. 2018). Enterprise growth has been studied by researchers for many years. Different terms have been used by different authors to define the stages of an enterprise growth, but the events through which each enterprise passes remain more or less the same. Most of the researchers suggest that each enterprise has to start, then grow while facing various challenges and crises, and finally mature and decline. There are many factors which will contribute to an enterprise's success. There are many precursors also, which will allow an enterprise to move from one stage to another. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between enterprise growth and obstacle impeding their productivity program.

• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aims of this study is to investigate the relationship between enterprise growth and obstacle impeding their productivity program in manufacturing industries in Ogun State. The objectives are:

• To identify the barriers to business growth in small enterprises.
• To examine whether Government policy supports small enterprises growth.
• To develop model for understanding the barriers to small enterprises growth. To achieve this objective, the researchers have to identify the barriers to business growth in small enterprises and to examine whether Government policy supports small enterprises growth.
• To identify firm size groups based on the statistical relationship between their size and perceived growth barriers using data-driven approach.

1.4                    RESEARCH QUESTION
i. What are the barriers that hinder the growth of SME's?
ii. Does firm size affect innovation?
iii. What are the determinants of growth of a firm?

• What is an economic barrier?
• What underlie the difficulties of small enterprises growth?
• How does government Policy strengthen small enterprises growth?

1.5         LIMITATION OF STUDY
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

• Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
• Financial Constraint:    Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

Time Constraint:   The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.6     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research serves as a means of addressing to policy makers and business managers. It is based on the assumption that understanding barriers faced by small enterprises could help policy makers in developing policies so as to create friendly environment towards small enterprises growth. Also it helps managers to understand setbacks to their businesses.
Therefore, these results are significant to policy makers who concern with developing policies so as to create friendly environment towards small enterprises growth. Also it is crucial to managers to understand barriers that hinder their businesses to grow that provide opportunity to perform better.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1                                      CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This study shows that perceptions of firm growth barriers differ considerably across firm size. Furthermore, the results suggest that the choice of empirical strategy for measuring firm size is instrumental in shaping the way in which we conceptualize perceived growth barriers and their antecedents. Next, as a benchmark, these results are compared with those yielded by using a continuous estimator of firm size as well as standardized, so- called “ad hoc,” definitions of firm size following the nomenclatures of the OECD (2005) and the World Bank (2001). The results show that the pro- posed identification strategy widely outperforms its ad hoc equivalents in that it is able to account for the same dynamics as the latter while also yielding considerably more detailed predictions on the size thresholds at which firms incur, versus overcome, growth barriers. In contrast, ad hoc groups are found to consistently overshoot the abovementioned thresholds, whereby they fail to account for relevant size heterogeneity. Lastly, it is concluded that the use of a continuous estimator generally constitutes the second-best option among the applied strategies.
While the findings of this study are consistent with previous empirical research, it improves substantially on the former by capturing the relationship between perceived growth barriers and firm size in considerably greater detail. Most closely related to this article is that of Beck et al. (2005), who established that firms with 5–50 employees are more likely than larger firms to face financing constraints. This article supports their findings, although it is also concluded that there is substantial heterogeneity within the abovementioned group, i.e., firms with 5– 50 employees. This finding raises questions as to the extent to which their findings are the consequences of financial constraints across the full 5–50 employee size range versus the extent to which they are the result of empirical limitations.
One limitation of this article is that it is based on perceptions, whereby the subjective nature of the stud ied phenomena may give rise to endogeneity issues. Prominently, growth rates and growth ambitions are known to differ across firm size. Furthermore, both of these factors are likely to affect top managers’ perceptions of firm growth barriers. To evaluate these issues, robustness analyses have been conducted to examine the role of self-stated growth ambitions and future growth expectations in perceived growth barriers across firm size. The outcomes of these analyses suggest that these factors have limited influence on the study’s results, whereby perceptions by top managers are inferred to be a valid measure for the purpose of the current analyses.
A second limitation concerns the fact that perceptions are unlikely to be fully comparable across individuals. Nevertheless, by using large-scale data and by control- ling for a number of firm and top manager characteristics, the influence of differences across individual top managers is arguably reduced.
The findings suggest a need to rethink the treatment of firm size in empirical research on firm growth barriers. Specifically, the findings suggest that ad hoc firm size groups may be unsuitable for analyzing perceived firm growth barriers. Lastly, the findings notably suggest that ad hoc groups fail to capture dynamics among firms with up to 19 employees, whereby this group may be of particular interest to future research design.
For future research, a natural extension of this work may be to apply an equivalent empirical framework to study perceived growth barriers for different geographical and institutional contexts, as well as for specific economic sectors. With this approach, researchers may ultimately obtain new and deeper insights on the relationship between perceived growth barriers and firm size.

 

---

CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "an investigation of the relationship between enterprise size and obstacles impeding productivity development programs in manufacturing industries in ogun state" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

---

To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"

Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE

To view other related topics click HERE

To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE

Do you want us to research your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"

Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions

---

For more information contact us through any of the following means:

Mobile No :+2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]

Email address :engr4project@gmail.com

Watsapp No :+2348146561114

---

COUNTRIES THAT FOUND OUR SERVICES USEFUL

Australia, Botswana, Canada, Europe, Ghana, Ireland, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, United States, United Kindom, Zambia, Zimbabwe, etc
Support: +234 8146561114 or +2347015391124

Watsapp No :+2348146561114

Email Address :engr4project@gmail.com

---

FOLLOW / VISIT US VIA: