phonelogo+234 8146561114 or +2347015391124

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR SYSTEM (SAR)

USER'S INSTRUCTIONS: The project work you are about to view is on "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" . Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. This project topic "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" have complete 5(five) Chapters. The complete Project Material/writeup include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.Our aim of providing this "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" research materials. We are not encouraging any form of plagiarism. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works.


TITLE PAGE

 

BY

---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---



APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
---
External Invigilator



DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.


PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!


ABSTRACT

This study is on analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system. A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is used for all-weather and all-time high resolution aerial and space based imaging of terrain. Being independent of light and weather conditions, SAR imaging has an advantage over optical imaging. Some of the SAR applications include Surveillance, Targeting, 3D Imaging, Navigation and Guidance, Moving Target Indication, and Environmental Monitoring.
This project aimed at the System-Level Design, Modeling and Simulation of a Synthetic Aperture Radar System and the Implementation of the signal processor for SAR using a TI C6416 DSP.
The system parameters have been specified in view of all the constraints and practical limitations. The performance metrics of the system such as range resolution and cross-range resolution, etc have been worked out and the system level specification has been worked out keeping in view the desired performance. Using MATLAB a as major tool, the specified system parameters have been tested for their accuracy and correctness. A simulation of Pulse Doppler radar is completed which includes waveform design, target modeling, LFM pulse compression, side lobe control and threshold detection. A SAR image formation algorithm (Doppler Beam Sharpening) have been implemented in MATLAB.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      Background of the study
1.2      Aim and objectives of the study
1.3      Scope of the study
1.4      Significance of the study
1.5      Applications of SAR
1.6    Benefit of using SAR
1.6    Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      Overview of synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
2.2      What is synthetic aperture radar?
2.3      SAR system operating parameters
2.4      Components of SAR systems
2.5     Evolution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique
2.6     Types of synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
2.7       Review of related studies

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     EXPERIMENTS/ METHODOLOGY
3.1
MATLAB Experiment to study LFM Characteristics
Effects of BT Product on Chirp Spectrum
Comparison of LFM pulse and Simple pulse Matched Filtering & Resolution in Time Domain
LFM Sidelobe Supression Using Frequency Domain Techniques
LFM Sidelobe Supression Using Time Domain Techniques
MATLAB Simulation of Pulse Compression
MATLAB Functions Involved
Simulation of a Pulse Doppler Radar
Description of the System
Overall System
Pulse Transmitter Model
Target Model
Range Equation in the Target Model
Signal Processor Model

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 SIMULATIONS RESULTS
4.1 System Level Design Parameters for the SAR4.
2 Assumptions4.3 Gain, Aperture Size & Cross Range Minimum Calculations
4.4 Bandwidth, Range Resolution, Swath Length, Grazing Angle & Slant Range Calculations
4.5 Synthetic Aperture & Aperture Time Calculations4.6 PRF & Unambiguous Range Calculations
4.7 Resolutions4.8 Bandwidths
4.9 Beamwidths
4.10 Aperture Area & Area Coverage Rate & Range Curvature Calculations
4.11 Received Power Calculations
4.12 SAR Parameter Calculator
4.13 DBS Simulation using MATLAB
4.14 The Graphical User Interface
4.15 The Generated Dataset
4.16 After Fast Time Pulse Compression
4.17 After Azimuth Compression
4.18 MATLAB Functions Involved

CHAPTER FIVE     
5.0      CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1    Hardware Implementation
5.1.2 DSP vs. FPGA
5.2 Recommendation for improvement
5.2.1 Simulink Model of Pulse Doppler Radar
5.2.2 Peak-to-Sidelobe Ration in Pulse Doppler Radar
5.2.3 Future Recommendations
5.2.4 Range Doppler Algorithm
5.2.5 Spotlight SAR
5.2.6 Interferometeric SAR (IFSAR)

REFERENCES
Appendix

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                         INTRODUCTION
1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is convenient for giving information about earth’s surface by using the respective motion between antenna and its target (Rajamani et al., 2014). In various applications like automatic target detection, surface surveillance, mine detection etc. the SAR images provide very important information. In SAR imagery, one of the main problems is that the image textures are usually contaminated with multiplicative speckle noise which is due to coherent radiation in the process of imaging (Deepika et al., 2015). The texture present in the images usually contains important information about the scene. The objective of despeckling method is to remove speckle noise and to protect all textural features in the SAR images (Murali et al., 2014).
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a type of radar which is used for all-weather and all-time high resolution aerial and space based imaging of terrain. The term all-weather means that an image can be acquired in any weather conditions like clouds, fog or precipitation etc. and the term all- time means that an image can be acquired during day as well as night.

1.2       AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are important application of optical satellite images because of its ability to operate in any weather conditions.  This work is aimed at studying the analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system (SAR).
The objectives of the study are:

  • To carry out System-Level Design and Analysis
  • Modeling and Simulation of a Synthetic Aperture Radar System along with the Implementation of the signal processor for SAR using a TI C6416 DSP.
  • To study the workings of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

1.3       SCOPE OF THE STUDY
SAR is a radar imagery technique provides important data regarding to earth’s surface or subsurface. SAR is an active, day/night and all-weather remote sensing system. This study covers the analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system (SAR). The overall study consisted of basic understanding of radar concepts, various types of radar systems, radar principles, waveform design and analysis, signal processing techniques, SAR system level design considerations, SAR processing and image formation.

1.4       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Synthetic aperture radar is an extensive research area in the field of radar. Being used for imaging from air or from space, it has its applications in many important areas like defense, environmental monitoring and earth observations, etc. This importance of SAR was the motivation behind the selection of this project.

1.5     APPLICATIONS OF SAR

This section discusses a few of the applications for synthetic aperture radar. The applications increase rapidly as new technologies and innovative ideas are developed. While SAR  is often used because of its all-weather, day-or-night imaging capability, it also finds application because it renders a different view of a "target," with synthetic aperture radar being at a much lower electromagnetic frequency than optical sensors.

Targeting , Reconnaissance, and Surveillance

Many applications for synthetic aperture radar are for targeting, reconnaissance, and surveillance. These applications are driven by the military's need for all-weather, day-and-night imaging sensors. SAR can provide sufficiently high resolution to distinguish terrain features and to recognize and identify selected man made targets.

On the Oceans

Most of the man-made illegal or accidental spills are well visible on radar images. Ships can be detected and tracked from their wakes. Also natural seepage from oil deposits can be observed. They provide hints to the oil industries. Scientists are studying the radar backscatter from the ocean surface related to wind and current fronts, to eddies, and to internal waves. In shallow waters SAR imagery allows to infer the bottom topography. The topography of the ocean floor can be mapped using the very precise - ERS Altimeter, because the sea bottom relief is reflected on the surface by small variations of the sea surface height.
The ocean waves and their direction of displacement can be derived from the ERS SAR sensor operated in "Wave Mode". This provides input for wave forecasting and for marine climatology. At high latitudes, SAR data is very useful for regional ice monitoring. Information such as ice type and ice concentration can be derived and open leads detected. This is essential for navigation in ice-infested waters.

Treaty Verification and Nonproliferation

The ability to monitor other nations for treaty observance and for the nonproliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons is increasingly critical. Often, monitoring is possible only at specific times, when overflights are allowed, or it is necessary to maintain a monitoring capability in inclement weather or at night, to ensure an adversary is not using these conditions to hide an activity. SAR provides the all-weather capability and complements information available from other airborne sensors, such as optical or thermal-infrared sensors.

Interferometry (3-D SAR)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) data can be acquired using two antennas on one aircraft or by flying two slightly offset passes of an aircraft with a single antenna. Interferometric SAR can be used to generate very accurate surface profile maps of the terrain. IFSAR is among the more recent options for determining digital elevation. It is a radar technology capable of producing products with vertical accuracies of 30 centimeters RMSE. Not only that, but IFSAR provides cloud penetration, day/night operation (both because of the inherent properties of radar), wide-area coverage, and full digital processing. The technology is quickly proving its worth.

On the Land

The ability of SAR to penetrate cloud cover makes it particularly valuable in frequently cloudy areas such as the tropics. Image data serve to map and monitor the use of the land, and are of gaining importance for forestry and agriculture.

  • Geological or geomorphological features are enhanced in radar images thanks to the oblique viewing of the sensor and to its ability to penetrate - to a certain extent - the vegetation cover.
  • SAR data can be used to georefer other satellite imagery to high precision, and to update thematic maps more frequently and cost-effective, due to its availability independent from weather conditions.
  • In the aftermath of a flood, the ability of SAR to penetrate clouds is extremely useful. Here SAR data can help to optimize response initiatives and to assess damages.
Navigation, Guidance, and Moving Target Indication

Synthetic aperture radar provides the capability for all-weather, autonomous navigation and guidance. By forming SAR reflectivity images of the terrain and then by correlation of the SAR image with a stored reference (obtained from optical device or a previous SAR image), a navigation update can be obtained. Position accuracies of less than a SAR resolution cell can be obtained. SAR may also be used to guidance applications by pointing or "squinting" the antenna beam in the direction of motion of the airborne platform. In this manner, the SAR may image a target and guide a munition with high precision.
The motion of a ground-based moving target such as a car, truck, or military vehicle, causes the radar signature of the moving target to shift outside of the normal ground return of a radar image. New techniques have been developed to automatically detect ground-based moving targets and to extract other target information such as location, speed, size, and Radar Cross Section (RCS) from these target signatures.

1.6                                             BENEFIT OF USING SAR

The primary reason of using SAR is that the quality of image does not depend on weather or light conditions and images can be taken at any part of the day and in any weather. An optical imaging device (e.g. a camera) cannot be used for aerial imaging of earth surface during night or when there is fog or clouds. Hence, synthetic aperture radars have an advantage over optical imaging devices.

1.7       DEFINITION OF TERMS
Radar: This is a system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of aircraft, ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of radio waves which are reflected off the object back to the source.
Navigation: The process or activity of accurately ascertaining one's position and planning and following a route.

weather condition: The atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation.

CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "analysis and design of a synthetic aperture radar system" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

CLICK HERE FOR MORE RELATED TOPICS/MATERIAL


To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"

Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE

To view other related topics click HERE

To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE

Do you want us to research your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"

Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions


For more information contact us through any of the following means:

Mobile No phonelogo:+2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]

Email address emailus:engr4project@gmail.com

Watsapp No whatsapp.html :+2348146561114


COUNTRIES THAT FOUND OUR SERVICES USEFUL

Australia, Botswana, Canada, Europe, Ghana, Ireland, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, United States, United Kindom, Zambia, Zimbabwe, etc
Support: +234 8146561114 or +2347015391124

Watsapp Nowhatsapp.html
:+2348146561114


E
mail Address emailus:engr4project@gmail.com


FOLLOW / VISIT US VIA:

tweeter instagram.htmlfacebook logomyyoutubelogo.html