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Thisstudyinvestigatedtheattitude of Nigerian Student towards reality TV show Big Brother Naijashowon the social life of undergraduate students of NTA college, Jos, Plateau State. The study wasanchoredoncultivationtheory.Theresearchersadoptedsurveyresearchdesignusingquestionnaire as instrument of data collection. The total population of the study was 20,000students. The Taro Yamane's formula was used to arrive at a sample size of 396. A total of 396copiesofquestionnaireweredistributedtotheselecteddepartmentsintheeleven(11)facultiesof the College. The study used the multistage sampling technique in selecting respondents forthe study. The findings of this study revealed that BBNaija reality TV show has wide viewershipamong undergraduate students of NTA college, Jos, Plateau State as 76.2% of the students watch the showin the evenings on daily bases. It also revealed that the students are not negatively influenced bywhat they watch on the reality show but have been positively influenced, as 72.5% of the studentsnoted that they have been influenced in the areas of living peacefully with their roommates,neighbours and hostel mates. The researchers concluded that undergraduate students of NTA college, Jos, Plateau State are not negatively influenced by BBNaija reality TV show despite their heavyviewership. The study recommended that the subsequent shows should reflect more educationalcontent, indigenous Nigerian cultures and serve as a channel for transporting Nigerian andAfricancultureto theoutsideworld.
Keywords:BigBrotherNaija,audience,perception, morality,programmes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCHQUESTIONS
- SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- ASSUMPTIONS
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- INFLUENCEOFREALITYTVSHOWSONTHE SOCIALLIFEOF STUDENTS
- DEBATINGREALITYTELEVISION
- BIGBROTHERNAIJAAND‘MORALITY’
- BIGBROTHER NAIJAANDTHEVIEWING HABITSOFTHE AUDIENCE
- EMPIRICALREVIEW
- THEORETICALFRAMEWORK
- USESANDGRATIFICATIONSTHEORY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
- RESEARCH DESIGN
- POPULATIONOFTHESTUDY
- SAMPLE AND SAMPLING METHOD
- DATA COLLECTION METHOD
- VALIDATIONS OF INSTRUMENT
- METHODS OF DATA PRESENTATION/ANALYSIS
- INSTRUMENT(S) OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- RESULT
- DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Reality television programmes showed up on our television screens in the 21st century and immediatelygainedandsustainedtheviewingaudiences.InNigeria,itiscommontodaytowatchonerealityprogrammeoranother intelevisionstationsairingeitherlocallyorthroughterrestrialbroadcastinginstitution that aim at portraying live unscripted and unedited motion pictures have gained undisputedpopularity. The rate at which individuals discuss the content of reality shows makes it glaring that thistype of television programmes is here to stay. Reality television shows are overtaking the networksleavingbehind aneven biggereffectthan thatofregulartelevision and this affect the altitude of Nigerian students.
Reality TV as a genre of television programming that has grown over the years and has become anaddiction of some sort for many of their viewers especially youth and female segment of the society.According to Hall (2009:515), reality programmes are now a staple of television programming. Manypeople watch reality shows for several reasons. Reiss and Wiltz (2004) discovered that an element ofreality programmes appeal is that they ‘help viewers to feel important because seeing ordinary people onthe programme allows them to “fantasize that they could gain celebrity status by being on television.’(Hall,2009).
As viewership increased, producers have also improved on contents and come up with better packagesthat attracts more audiences to stay glued to their TV screens, thereby, also attracting more sponsorshipfromorganizations.
In Nigeria, reality television programme has in recent time significantly proved to be a favorite among theyouth – particularly those who fall within the range of ages 18-25. Advertisers and indigenous sponsorsare convinced that endorsement of these reality shows is good business because of the massive viewershipthat these programmes realize.
The first reality programme in the world emerged nearly the same time as television broadcasting in the1940s (Balkin, 2004). In Nigeria, the debut of reality television according to This Day newspaper (2004)was launched in 2004 when the Guilder Ultimate Search aired its first episode. Reality television has beenanadditivetoviewerssuchthatitisalmostimpossibletobelievebecausetheseprogrammesareperceivedto bejustanotherentertainingtelevision shows.
There are different genres of reality television that include romance, talent, quiz and games. (Bailey et al., 2003). Hall (2006) provides a comprehensive list of reality television categories which include:“competition focused programme, game programme, makeover/lifestyle programs, talent programme,court programs, reality sitcoms, home improvement programme, and hidden camera-based shows” (p.204). Regardless of the kind to reality show, there exist an eventual bond among the audiences, betweenthe participants and the audiences and a relationship between participants that is formed overtime out of aprolonged stay in a given, controlled environment. The Big Brother Naija (BBN) is a Nigerian televisionprogramme that features Nigerians as participants of the programme. BBN is a reality television show thatsprungoutofabroaderrealitytelevisionprogramme–BigBrotherAfrica(BBA).Daniel(2016)describes the ideology of Big Brother as a concept that originated from George Orwell’s novel “NineteenEighty-Four”. The book is about a fictitious Big Brother who had surveillance cameras scattered all overthecountyto garnerhiddenfactsand truths aboutresidentsofthevicinity.
In 2017 a Nigerian, Kevin Chuwang Pam won the BBA (Arah. 2017) with a $200,000 cash prize and thisoccurrence contributed in the resuscitation of BBN. BBN is a reality television programme that is viewedmostly by the youths in the society because the participants of the show fall within the age bracket of theaudiences. The programme originally debut in 2006 but did not organize subsequent editions until 2017.Eachyear,hundredsofyoungpeopledreamaboutbeingaparticipantinthehousebecauseofthefameand attractive prizes that winners get to go home with. Once in the house audiences including universitystudents spend weeks following the television broadcasts of the occurrences and progress of the ‘house’eventsthatincludegames,tasks,conflicts, parties,discussionsessions,romanceandevictionseries.
BigBrotherNaijahasbeensaidtoimpactnegativelyontheviewingaudiencebecauseofcertaininappropriate scenes that are permitted and encouraged in the house. This is particularly worrisomebecause the demographics of the audience that are attached to this programmes are the younger ones.Parents,teachers,guardiansandright-thinkingmembersofthepublicquestionthemoralityoftheprogrammeespeciallywithregardstotheexplicitanduncensoredscenesthat portraysex,nudity,violence,alcoholism, and cheating.
The aim of this study therefore was to determine the attitude of Nigerian Student towards reality TV show Big Brother Naijaof undergraduate students of NTA college, Jos, Plateau State.
1.2 Problem Statement
Reality television programmes are increasingly gaining viewership and followership which is growingtremendously.Realitytelevisionprogrammeshavegraduallybecomethetoastoftelevisionstationsandadvertisers. The relatively cheap production costs and high viewership figures ensure a steady stream ofnewandrepeated formatsof realityprogrammeson televisionscreensindifferenthomes today.
Generally, reality programme are perceived as unscripted programmes that are focused on footage of realevents/situations that are about to naturally unfold. Though reality programme like Big Brother Naija(BBN)arenotdependent on writers andactorsfor delivery they are run by producers andeditors.Because participants of Big Brother Naija( BBN) are not guarded by scripts and their actions are asspontaneous as they are unedited, audiences feel a close connection to the participants and share in theirmoods, reactions and feelings yet the television channel gets to decide what footages would be aired andhowthesefootagesarechosen.So,evenifeverythingisreal,thetelevisionchannelbroadcastsitselectively.
Big Brother Naija (BBN) despite its popularity and success has received a bunch of criticisms on claimsthat the live programme promotes immorality, has little or no moral value, celebrates idleness, is a wasteof time, has strong adult themes that are offensive to viewers. Nigerian Nobel laureate, Wole Soyinka,cited in Lengnan (2013), asserts that Big Brother Niaja (BBN) is not a part of the Nigerian culture. Somepeople may also be seeing reality programmes on television as another way of exploiting the minds of theyoung audiences of theprogrammeswithoutmorally impacting their lives. Right- thinking individualslike Soyinka insist that the show propagates an ideology that gives the youths the impression that idlingaway on national television for a given period of time could earn them fortune and fame that could setthemup forlife.
This study therefore seeks to analyse the attitude of Nigerian Student towards reality TV show Big Brother Naijaof NTA college, Jos, Plateau Stateundergraduate onparticularattentiontothecontentsoftheprogrammeand howtheirattitudeformationisinfluenced bytheimages oftheprogramme.
1.3 ObjectivesoftheStudy
The objectives of the study are:
- To ascertainwhetherNTA college, Jos, Plateau State studentswatchtheBigBrotherNaijareality
- To findoutNTA college, Jos, Plateau State students’ altitude towardsrealityprogramme show – Big Brother Naija.
- To ascertainthe perceptionof NTA college, Jos, Plateau State studentsofBigBrotherrealitytelevisionprogramme.
- To determine howtheir exposureto the realityprogramme couldaffecttheirdispositions.
1.4Significance of the Study
The following are the significance of this study:
1. The findings from this study will educate undergraduate on how reality shows like Big Brother Naijacan increases the level of promiscuity as a students and know how to avoid it.
2. This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area.
1.5 ResearchQuestions
Theresearchers asked thefollowingquestions:
- WhatisthelevelofviewershipofBBNaijarealityTVshowsamongundergraduatestudentsof NTA college, Jos, Plateau State?
- WhatgratificationdothestudentsderivefromviewingBBNaijarealityTV shows?
- WhatistheinfluenceoftheviewershipofBigBrotherNaijarealityTVshowsonthesocial lifeof thestudents?
- What are students’ Attitude towards viewingBBNaijarealityTV shows?
1.6 Scope/Delimitation of the Study
The scope of this study is centered on the attitude of Nigerian Student towards reality TV show Big Brother Naija, and it also discuss the impact of the show on the social and moral life of undergraduates of NTA college, Jos, Plateau State.
1.7 Assumptions
This research work is meant to examine the altitude of Nigerian students towards reality TV shows big brother naija of undergraduate student of NTA college, Jos, Plateau State. To checkincreased exposure to reality television shows big brother naijaincreases the level of promiscuity students experiences in his/her life.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
Theresearchworkislimitedtomass media in cultural promotion.Themainconstraintoftheresearchisdividedintothefollowing parts.
a) Timeconstraints-duetotheshorttimegivenforthestudy,the researchercouldnotgetalltherequiredinformationneededforthe study.
b) Finance-asaresultofmoneyconstrainttheresearcherhadnot enoughmoneytocarryoutthestudybeyondthelevel. The researchercouldnotvisitplaceswherenecessaryinformation relevantto thestudycouldbe obtained.
c) Attitudeofrespondents–someoftherespondentswereunwillingto cooperatewiththeresearcherbecausetheyfelt,theyhavenothing tobenefitfromthestudybothfinanciallyandotherwise.Besides theywereafraidoflosingtheirjobs,ifallinformationneededare releasedto the researcher
1.9 Definition of Operational terms
Reality TV Show: is a genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations, often starring unknown individuals rather than professional actors. Reality television came to prominence in the late 1990s and the early 2000s with the global successes of the series Survivor, Idols, and Big Brother, all of which became global franchises.
TV: Television (TV), sometimes shortened to tele or telly, is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television program (“TV show”), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment and news.
Big Brother Naija:Big Brother Naija, formerly known as Big Brother Nigeria, is a Nigerian reality competition television series, based on the Big Brother television franchise, in which 12 to 14 contestants live in an isolated house and compete for a large cash prize worth $58,252.43 equivalent to 21,000,000 Nigerian Naira at the end of the show by avoiding being evicted from the house by viewers.
Promiscuity: Promiscuity tends to be frowned upon by many societies, expecting most members to have committed, long-term relationships with single partners.
Most societies have historically been more critical of women’s promiscuity than of heterosexual men’s. Among women, as well as men, inclination for sex outside committed relationships is correlated with a high libido, but social and cultural factors have also been observed to influence sexual behavior and opinion.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
Findings from the study apparently indicates that the students watch Big Brother Naij a realityTV show in order to ease themselves of some academic stress as the show also provides a meansof relaxation to them. It is also evident that the show broadens their intellectual horizon asstudents through the show's game puzzle. It showed that Big Brother Naija reality TV showpromotesculturalintegration throughtheexhibitionofcultural attiresby thehousemates.
This study concludes that students form different perceptions when they watch the Big Brother televisionprogrammebecauseofindividualdifferencebutforthemostpart,theyfindtheshowrelativelyentertaining and informative. More importantly, students feel connected to the programme because itappealsto theirindividualinterests
RECOMMENDATIONS
Giventhefindingsandconclusionsreached,thefollowingrecommendationsareputforwardbytheresearchers;
- Since reality TV shows (BBNaija), has large viewership among undergraduate students,televisionregulatorsshouldensurethatrealityTVprogrammesairedonNigeriantelevision stationsare those capable of impacting knowledge, positive skillsand lifestylesof Nigerian youths.
- It is recommended that the show reflect more educational content, Nigerian indigenouscultures and serve as a channel for transporting Nigerian and African cultures in itsentiretyto the outsideworld.
- Theresearchersrecommendthatscriptwritersandfilmproducersshoulddevelopthehabit of writing films that can add values to the cultures of the viewers; they should seereality TV show as medium for cultural exchange where messages should be reasonableandpositiveto impact and influencethe watchers positively.
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