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TITLE PAGE
AUTOMATED ELEVATOR WITH OVERLOAD ALERT
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, " automated elevator with overload alert" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This work is on design and construction of an automated elevator for smart application. The main requirement of the multi storage buildings are elevators. Elevators ease the work human being and keep them in the comfortable zone. This device was built around arduino module. This control is based on the input that is received from the operator as well as from the sensors. Elevator control system is needed to control all the functions of the elevator. It is the one which guides the elevator car, Elevator car is one which actually carries the passengers between the different floors; it also controls the opening and closing of doors at different floor, and the safety switches are also controlled by the elevator control system and passengers weight are been monitored in this work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
- WORKING OF AN ELEVATOR
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM OVERVIEW
- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In simple terms, an elevator can be defined as a kind of transportation that moves in the vertical direction whilst carrying people and baggage between the floors (or levels) of a building or any other type of structure. Elevators, or lifts, exist in several different forms but their method of operation is common; to lift materials in a tall tower or construction site in a continuous flow. Electric motors are used in general to power elevators by driving hoist like systems. Whether they are used in agricultural fields or in the manufacturing industries, elevators serve the basic purpose of reducing manual effort to carry heavy loads from one place to another in any infrastructure. Elevators are a Godsend discovery for handicapped and disabled people who can’t be expected to use stairs (or escalators in case of wheelchairs) to ascend or descend in a multi-storied building. Moreover, in most high-rise buildings it is often a legal requirement to have elevators as wheelchair ramps wouldn’t be practical there.
Automated elevator systems aim to provide the utmost quality service in order to achieve peoples transportation needs. The main target of the automated elevators control system is to bring the lift car to the right floor when needed, to ensure a speed that is within the limits of safety and minimalizes the time travel and also provides comfort to the passengers. The control system of lifts is programmed in such a way that it keeps track of details that include; accelerating and decelerating speed, door opening and closing speed, hall lantern signals and traveling time et cetera. However, maintenance of elevators is another story. If ignored, performance begins to decrease rapidly affecting the response time and safety factor in the process. An increased response time leads to a longer waiting time which just produces frustration among the passengers. Even with the most comprehensive course of maintenance, all elevator systems have to be upgraded or replaced eventually. Postponing replacement just leads to disastrous situations which should be avoided at all costs. Another common problem that causes damage to the elevators is overloading. People tend to overload lifts so that they don’t have to wait for another five minutes which often causes the elevators to breakdown or to get stuck.
The recent surge in transportation from rural to urban sites has resulted in a massive growth in population. This situation has created the congestion issue in residence and there is an essential need for vertical high buildings. The main necessity of today’s world is to save the time required to travel. The elevator system is the one that was introduced for high-rise buildings to save time and to give some relaxation to people. Most of the people are focused on the relaxed, smooth, and safe operation of the elevator. Elevators need a control system for controlling all the components which are connected to the panel [1]. Currently, monitoring and scheduling of elevators in high/ low stories, commercial, residential sectors are not satisfied with existing elevators operations. The need for elevators with developed technology enforces the system operators to apply an optimal monitoring scheme [2].
This work presents the development of an automatic lift control with the status alert capability. It guides the elevator cabin from where the call is initiated and then carries the passengers to different floors. It also monitors and controls all the sensors, i.e., opening and closing of doors and many other safety switches. The system is based on relay and contactors logic [3]. The system has the following features:
- Status alert capability
- Easy maintenance
- Low cost
- Safety and reliability
- Updated status on the internet after every second
The main aim of the proposed study is to built this type of elevator that does the opening and closing of doors, overload alerting system and many other safety switches.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTThis system was invented to overcome problems noticed on the old elevator such as manual operation and overload. This work introduces a new solution of elevator controlling system which is based on microcontrollers. By the use of such design complexity of the system has been simplified. This system helps to indicate limit of an elevator, the weight and number of people inside an elevator at a particular time can be calculated. The system displays the number of people inside an elevator with the help of LCD. This system contains sensors that senses when a person enters an elevator and it opens the door of the elevator and simultaneously increments the counter for the number of people entering the elevator.
1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this Automated Elevator with Overload Alert is to prevent the elevator from any damage. This system makes use of sensors for sensing when a person enters the elevator and automatically increments the counter. This buzzer starts ringing as soon as the number of people in the elevator exceeds the limit.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
At this time the system also counts the number of people present and increments a counter on each arrival and decrements when a person exits from the elevator. The system even includes a buzzer for demonstrating an alarm. The buzzer starts ringing as soon as more number of people enters the elevator than the limit of the elevator which is already set and the buzzer stops ringing only when the people inside the elevator come outside the elevator. This will cause the counter to be decremented and the buzzer stops ringing as soon as the counter is less or equal to the limit of the elevator set.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to design an effective elevator control system, which can be reprogrammed in a fashion to minimize the congestion on a particular lane by directing the lift on a particular floor using time management scheme. Present scope of the project is to provide an automatic congestion control and hence found its importance in various fields of applications.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
To avoid the inconvenience caused by elevator breakdowns, this project is gaining widespread attention. The system can be made far better and protected against factors such as vandalism and overload if an operator were to be present in the elevator at all times. 1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT Arduino and various sensors are uses to perform various functions, which are advantageous for providing comfort to human being.
Advantages:
- Automatic door opening and closing helps to increase comfort level.
- Load cell which also functioning as occupancy sensor can result in reduction in energy usage.
- Overload buzzer can warn people that elevator is overloaded so can prevent motor from overloading.
- To reduce the risk of fire and explosion this system uses temperature sensor in car.
- Emergency alarm can reduce accidents and risk to human life.
In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of " automated elevator with overload alert" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of " automated elevator with overload alert" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on " automated elevator with overload alert" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of " automated elevator with overload alert" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of " automated elevator with overload alert" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of " automated elevator with overload alert" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of " automated elevator with overload alert" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a " automated elevator with overload alert" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of " automated elevator with overload alert" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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