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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "availability and utilization of computers facilities in teaching and learning of computers studies in selected junior secondary school in otukpo local government, benue state" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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The use of computers world over has changed the way we do many things. The incorporation of computer in teaching and learning has proved to be a worthwhile experiences. This study sought to establish the availability and utilization of computers for teaching and learning computers Studies in selected secondary school in Otukpo Local Government, Benue State. The objectives of this research were: (1) To investigate the availability and accessibility of general purpose of computer to teachers and learners of computer Studies in selected juniour Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. (ii) To Ascertain the ways in which teachers and learner use computer facilities for teaching and learning purpose in computer Studies (iii) To explore the main benefit of using computers in teaching and learning of computer Studies in selected juniour Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. (iv) To investigate the challenges that the teachers and students of computer studies  experience in relation to the use of computers for teaching and learning respectively. The study was significant because its findings can be used to help teachers, students and teacher training institution to improve the availability, accessibility and use of computers in education and eventually help in achieving Nigerian’s economic blue print vision 2030. This study was carried out with independent variable of teachers and learners characteristics, computer as a teaching/learning resource and teaching strategy. The dependent variable were: imported teaching environment, class participation and imported performance in exams. This research. Was a descriptive study. The target population was made up of Ten (10) computer Studies teacher in Ten Public junior Secondary Schools and 90 computer Studies learners respectively. The researcher used descriptive sampling in order to ensure all kinds of school were represented. Data was collected using questionnaire and observation then analyzed using percentages. The study found that both teacher and learners have a positive attitude towards the use of computers in the teaching and learning of computer studies. The most pressing challenges were: Low literacy levels, lack of time within teaching time and a fact that teacher were not taught how to use the computer as a teaching resources.
          The study concludes that there is willingness to use computer to teach but patience is required as the positive precedes the implementation of teaching resources such as the computers. One of the recommendation of this study is that the Government at all levels and the parent Teacher Association (PTA) should stand up to help the school by providing computers and other necessary facilities for the use of the schools.                 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
2. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
6. DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
7. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
8. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 CONCEPT OF ICT

2.3 ICT IN EDUCATION SYSTEM

2.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COMPUTERS IN SCHOOLS

2.5 AVAILABILITY OF COMPUTERS TO TEACHERS AND LEARNERS OF COMPUTER STUDIES IN SCHOOLS

2.6 COMPUTER STUDIES TEACHERS AND LEARNERS ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF COMPUTERS IN SCHOOLS

2.7 THE GENERAL BENEFITS OF USING COMPUTERS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

2.8 CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED IN THE USE OF COMPUTERS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

2.9 IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN EDUCATION

2.10 THE NEED OF AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF ICT FACILITIES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS IN CLASSROOM BY TEACHERS

2.11 TRENDS ON THE USE OF ICT IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

2.12 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USE OF ICT AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS

2.13 THEORETICAL REVIEW

2.14 EMPERICAL REVIEWS ON AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF COMPUTERS IN TEACHINGS AND LEARNING OF COMPUTER STUDIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

2.15 SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION
2. RESEARCH DESIGN
3. POPULATION, SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
4. INSTRUMENTATION
5. METHOD FOR DATA COLLECTION
6. METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0       DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. CONCLUSION
2. RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES
APPENDICE

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                  INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background to the Study
The role played with the use of computer in teaching learning processes cannot be over emphasized due to its effectiveness in teaching context, in which computer studies as a subject in schools also enjoyed. Twoli, Maundu, Muindi, Kuo and Kithinji (2007) lamented that, computer is useful as teaching resources but cannot replace the teacher. Today, computer is seen as one of such resource. However, a lot depends on the availability and utilization of computers facilities in the classroom.
Shue (2009) in Kiane (2014) said that computers were introduced in American schools in 1965 and were mostly used for administrative purpose. Molnar (1997) described that computers were not widely accepted in American schools during the 1950s and 1960s because it was difficult and expensive to house the huge machines that they were during that period of time. However, Apple II computes found wide spread acceptance in education around the year 1983 and that no modern public or private schools could exist in the United States of America without a computer instructions in the 90s (Murdock & Desburg, 2004).
The assumption that computer technology has become an essential part of the basic school curriculum was summed up in the report of the United States. Department of Education (2006) which referred to computers in the classroom as “the new basic of American education”, and to the internet as “the blackboard of the future”. Preparing young people for the future goes beyond the issue of getting them ready to work; they also need new skills as computer technology continues to be woven into their daily lives. Lara & Whitter (2006) explained that using computer technology improves students’ learning process.
Ivers (2003) opined that beginning and experienced teachers can benefit from the role that computers play in teaching and learning; beginning teachers can access a wealth of teaching resources and learning opportunities via the internet as well as collaborate online with other teachers. Experienced teachers have these same benefits, as well as the opportunity to share their expertise with others. To this, Ivers (2003) further confirmed the situation in Kenya; that many veteran teachers have had to learn how to use computers on their own. Many teachers agree that the use of computer technology enhances teaching and learning (Wabuyele, 2006).
While the use of Computer Based Instructions (CBI) is important in most developed world schools, it is still a dilemma that poses a great challenges to the majority of teachers in Nigeria with regards to their perception and the roles they should play as they cope with this new technology. Advances in modern computer technology have changed the way we do many things including the way we learn, study and communicate and what goes on in the classroom today is impacted upon by the computer technology and will likely affect the skills that today’s children learn in schools and the way they are taught to function in the world (Kashorda, Waema, Omosa & Kyalo, 2007).
Kiarie (2014) posited that computers have been used at the university level in Kenya to teach computer Studies related courses such as computer programing, installation and others. In Nigeria, Fakeye (2010) said that beginning and experienced teachers can benefit from the role that computers play, beginning teachers can access a wealth of teaching resources while old teachers can share their knowledge with those who seek it. Fakeye (2010) also outlines the fact that Nigerian government conducted a pilot project of integrating computers in Sixty Secondary Schools and colleges with reasonable success, although access to computer resources was the biggest barrier in both rural and urban areas.
From researcher’s perspective, at the junior secondary schools level, it is not very clear whether computer Studies teachers use computers where they are available to them. It is obvious though that some teachers of computer Studies may be using computers even if it is only for the preparation of examinations and other social purposes. Keeping in view all of the variables discussed by different other researchers, this study is particularly knee on establishing whether computers were available at the secondary school level and verify whether they were used by computer Studies teachers and their learners during teaching and learning process in Otukpo Local Government junior Secondary Schools of Benue State.

1.2                                          Statement of the Problem
Usefulness of computers during teaching and learning process make the work of teachers easier as it helps in demystifying complex concepts in different subjects. Computers help students learn better by enhancing their learning environment and increasing learning resources. Availability of computers to computer Studies teachers is the first stage in the successful adoption of computers in teaching the subject in junior secondary schools (Kiarie, 2014). This is because teachers can only be competent and interested users of computers facilities as teaching tools if they are available and easily accessible. Teachers will not adopt computer technologies into their instructional tasks if computers are not available in the first place.
Reid and Rushton (1985) in Kiarie (2014) concluded that, there are many challenges that hinder the process of using computers in the classroom. However, when effectively used, computers have a dramatic effect on teachers and learners. But where computers are not used effectively, they do not add value to teaching and learning.
The impact of computer in the teaching of computer Studies in selected juniour Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State is not clear. Hence, this study find out the extent of computer availability and utilization to teachers and learners in computer Studies in selected juniour Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State.

1.3                                              Purpose of the Study
The primary purpose of this study was to find out the extent of availability and utilization of computers facilities in teaching and learning of computers Studies computer Studies in selected juniour Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State.
Specifically, the study sought to determine the followings:
1.       Investigate the availability and accessibility of general purpose computers to teachers and learners of computer Studies.
2.       Ascertain the ways in which teachers and learners use computers for teaching and learning purposes in computer Studies.
3.       Explore the main benefits of using computers in teaching and learning of computer Studies.
4.       Investigate the challenges that teachers and learners experience when using computers facilities for teaching and learning of computer Studies.
5. To examine the extent to which ICT facilities are used by teachers and students in secondary schools of in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State.
6. To assess the availability of ICT facilities for teaching purpose in secondary schools of  Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State.

1.4              Research Questions
In the course of this investigation, responses were sought from the respondents to the following research questions.
1.       How available and utilization are computers to the teachers and learners of Ccomputer Studies in junior Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State?
2.       For what purposes if any do computer Studies teachers and learners in Public Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State use computers in their teaching and learning?
3.       What are the main benefits of making use of computers in teaching and learning of computer Studies in junior Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State?
4.       What challenges faced by teachers and learners of computer Studies in their effort to use computers for teaching and learning in junior Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State?

1.4     Scope of the Study
The study focused on availability and utilization of computers in teaching and learning of computer Studies in junior Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State.
The scope of this study was limited to fifteen junior Secondary Schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. 10 public secondary school were sampled out of fifteen public secondary schools in Otukpo Local Government Area. 100 respondents were selected which comprised of one (1) computer Studies teacher each from the school amounting to 10 teachers and 90 students from all the schools (Male = 35 and Female = 55). The researcher used availability and utilization of computers in Teaching and Learning of computer Studies Questionnaire (AUCTLBSQ) to elicit information from the respondents (teachers and students). Descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentage was use to analyse respondents responses.

1.5     Significance of the Study
It is hoped that the findings of this study would be useful to teacher educators as it will help them understand the ways that influence teachers’ perceptions towards using computers as a means for effective development of teacher training curriculum that would prepare teachers to face challenges in information age. It will also help the computer Studies teachers to realize the instructional possibilities afforded by computer technology. This findings would provide tip offs for computer Studies teachers to realize that preparing students for the future goes far beyond the issue of getting them ready to work theoretically but they need the practice that comes with exposure provided by the computer technology. It was expected that the government and its relevant agencies like the Ministry of Education to justify the need to devote more resources in the national budget to computers and other related technologies such as smart boards in the classrooms because these are included in science and technologies, as this would then improve availability and use of computers for all teachers including those teaching computer Studies. The research findings hoped to trigger financial support either by the government and or its development partners as well as investors towards research on a wider scope to establish the availability and use of computers for teaching and learning. This could be beneficial to researchers, computer Studies teachers and teacher training institutions and in the long run to the education policy maker in Nigeria.

1.6                                                   DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As it is mentioned earlier, the main objective of this research was to assess the provision and utilization of ICT facilities in selected junior secondary schools of Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. To make the study more manageable and feasible, it was delimited to assessing the availability and utilization of such ICT facilities as, desktop and laptop computers, internet access, projectors, printers, photocopy, duplication, fax, and scanning machines, educational soft wares, television, computer accessories for maintenance, computer laboratory for both teachers and students, and other related school based information and communication technologies in secondary and preparatory schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State.
1.7                                                    LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

It is obvious that research work can be not totally free from limitation. To this end, some limitations were also observed when conducting this study. One apparent limitation was lack of recent and relevant literature on the topic, especially on Nigeria context. Most of the recent literature that was accessible from western countries, which was not always relevant to the local situation in   Nigeria. As the findings of this study were based on Likert-type questions, it did not allow participants to construct their own responses or allow the researcher to probe for additional insight. The findings of the study were also limited by the accuracy and perception of the participants; and it is assumed most teachers are responded honestly and interpreted the instrument as intended. Another limitation was most of secondary school principals, vice principals, teachers were busy and had no enough time to respond to questionnaires. Some of them who have enough time were also reluctant to fill in and return the questionnaire as per the required time. In spite of these short comings, however, it was attempted to make the study as complete as possible.

1.8                                  OPERATION DEFINITION OF TERMS
ICT: Refers to all forms of technologies such as internet, computers, websites , telephones mobiles, wireless devices, networks, hardware, software and telecommunication equipment.
ICT Facilities: Are a technological devices used to processing, analyzing, synthesizing, sharing different kinds of information and information processing activities and tools that are necessary to improve teaching and learning process.
Types of ICT materials: Those includes any communication device or application, encompassing: computers, LCD projectors, printers, photocopy machines, duplication, fax, and scanning machines, radio, television, cellular phones, hardware and software, satellite systems, as well as video conferencing internet access and other facilities that ensures student’s learning.
Amount of ICT materials: Are the quantity or number of ICT materials and that are found in the schools to enhance teaching and learning process.

Utilization of ICT materials: Refers to using different types of ICT facilities in classroom and in different educational settings for the purpose of teaching and learning process.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "availability and utilization of computers facilities in teaching and learning of computers studies in selected junior secondary school in otukpo local government, benue state" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "availability and utilization of computers facilities in teaching and learning of computers studies in selected junior secondary school in otukpo local government, benue state" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "availability and utilization of computers facilities in teaching and learning of computers studies in selected junior secondary school in otukpo local government, benue state" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "availability and utilization of computers facilities in teaching and learning of computers studies in selected junior secondary school in otukpo local government, benue state" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "availability and utilization of computers facilities in teaching and learning of computers studies in selected junior secondary school in otukpo local government, benue state" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

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