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TITLE PAGE
CONSTRUCTION OF A 9VOLTS BATTERY CHARGER WITH USB OUTPUT
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This project is titled design and construction of a 9volts battery charger with USB output. Battery charger is a battery charger that is designed to charge 9V battery. It is basically a DC power supply source. Here a transformer is used to step down the AC mains input voltage to the required level as per the rating of the transformer.
This transformer is always a high power type and Lm7809 regulator is able to produce a 9v output.
A bridge rectifier configuration is used to rectify the low voltage AC into DC and is further smoothed by a high value electrolytic capacitor. This DC is fed to an electronic circuit which regulates the voltage into a constant level and is applied to the battery under charge, where the energy is stored through an internal process of chemical reaction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.3 REVIEW OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
2.4 REVIEW OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
3.5 CONSTRUCTION NOTE
3.6 CHARGER SETTINGS
3.7 HOW TO OPERATE THIS AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION OBSERVATIONS
4.6 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM
4.7 COST OF PRODUCTION
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMAMRY
- CONCLUSIONS/SUGGESTIONS
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Battery charger is device which consists of electrodes and electrolyte for the storage of chemical energy, but brings about a reaction between its electrodes and the electrolyte in a way to cause the flow of electrons through an external circuit is known as a battery.
There are two types of batteries; these include the primary and secondary battery. The primary (dry cell) is one whose electrolyte dries up when used to its ampere-hour rating and cannot be recharged while the secondary (wet cell) is one whose chemical energy can be restored through a charging process. There are different types of secondary battery. These comprise lead acid, Nickel-cadmium and silver zinc battery.
Furthermore, a battery is a combination of cells connected together and a cell is a simple source of electric potential. The maintenance of secondary battery is of importance partially where maximum performance and life are obtained. As long as a battery is in use, its stored chemical energy, which is being converted to electrical energy falls. This falls in chemical energy leads to a corresponding fall in its terminal voltage.
A constant potential method of charging is adopted in this project work. It is a phenomenon whereby the alternating voltage from the main is converted to direct voltage through rectification.
The direct current from the rectifier is then passed through the battery that is being charged in the reversed direction in which the battery supplies current to the external circuit. The charger is intended to charge batteries with terminal voltage up to 9volts.
Hence, a battery charger which is of low cost, highly efficient and cheap to maintain is needed to restore its rated terminal voltage. The entire circuit is made up of five basic units and details of each units is highlighted in the subsequent chapters [1][3].
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This device came to bring solution for battery charging which helped in achieving the aim and objective of this study. Such as:
1. To design and construct an interface device that could amplify an extremely small value of current to a value suitable for recharging battery
2. To determine the functionality of the interface device in terms of: Current, Voltage, Voltage gain, Power, Power efficiency, Impedance.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objective of the project is to design a device that will recharge 9v battery when discharged via a USB.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device charges 9v battery mainly, however, if the regulator is changed it can be used to charge battery of lower or higher voltages. Apart from charging batteries, this device can also be used as a battery level monitor due to the battery level feature it contains [4].
- The battery charger circuit is simple and cost effective.
- Over voltage and current protection.
- The system is easily portable.
- Avoids battery discharge when power failed.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Features of automatic battery charger are as below:
- It composes of in-built active components which stop charging process when the battery is fully charged.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
- The only problem with this device is that it takes longer time to recharge car battery because of the low current output, and it is design only for a 9v battery
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”. [4][5]
The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of charging are group into your basic unit, they are:
The power supply units
The smoothing circuits
The regulating unit and
Regulated D.C charging units
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely in Ah size of battery or batteries which charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge without a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Battery charger is used in the following devices for the purpose of recharging device batteries [2][3]:
- It is used in inverter
- It is used to charge Lithium
- It is used in Solar energy system
- It is used in vehicles
- It is used in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), etc.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Battery Charger - is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it.
Charge - there are two kinds of charge, positive and negative
- like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
- positive charge comes from having more protons than electrons; negative charge comes from having more electrons than protons.
Charge Rate - is often denoted as C or C-rate and signifies a charge or discharge rate equal to the capacity of a battery in one hour.
Mobile Phone - any wireless telephone capable of operating while moving at any speed, battery powered and small enough to be easily carried by a person.
Interface device – circuit that is between the mobile phones that do the process of transferring stored energy.
Rectification – a process of converting alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction.
Rectifier - a circuit capable of rectifying an alternating current to a direct current.
Step Up DC – DC Converter – also known as boost converter. A DC to DC power supply with an output voltage greater than its input voltage. It is used to sustain the amount of voltage needed for the charging circuit to function.
1.9 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design and calculation for the battery charger was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construct a battery charger circuit.
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
1.10 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of construction of a 9volts battery charger with usb output consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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