CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR ALARM USING MICROCONTROLLER
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TITLE PAGE
CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS LEAKAGE DICTATOR ALARM USING MICROCONTROLLER
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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LPG gas is commonly used in our home for cooking purpose. LPG is used in school and college canteens; also it is used in various industries. Accidents never happen with a prior intimation. There are chances of gas leakage due to some negligence. In such cases, if leakage is not detected at an early stage, then it can create huge damage. PIC microcontroller based LPG gas leakage detector mini project can be used in such situations. This LPG leakage detector is implemented using a PIC18F microcontroller. Subsequently, the signal from the sensor is fed to an 8-bit PIC16F84 microcontroller on- board system via appropriate interfacing devices, which will run on pre-programmed instructions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM/ OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT MOTIVATION
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2.3 DIFFERENT TYPE OF GAS DETECTOR
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.6 CODE FOR MQ-6 GAS SENSOR INTERFACING WITH PIC MICROCONTROLLER
3.7 POWER SUPPLY
3.8 DEFINITION OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
4.2 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.3 ASSEMBLING
4.5 OBSERVATION
4.3 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
In Nigeria and globally, fire accidents and hazards caused by gas leakage have been a major challenge in the industries (e.g. oil and gas industry), and even in homes (in the kitchen). Several cases of fire accidents and explosions due to gas leakage from gas pipes, the burners of gas cookers or the gas cylinders have been reported. The 1984 San Juanico tragedy in Mexico City; one of the most severe LPG disaster in history, was caused by undetected LPG leakage [G. Arturson, 1987].
Although, gas leakage detection is very important, but preventing fire requires adequate control of the detected gas leakage. In order to prevent gas explosion, there should be statutory environmental requirements on the use of LPG so as to prevent accidents, and protect life and property from disaster. The safety of life and property is vital in all our daily activities whether domestic or industrial. Achieving utmost safety requires adequate planning, early fault detection, and the use of appropriate forms of protection
Over the years, there have been several accidents caused by the leakage of LPG in homes and industries (especially oil and gas industries) from gas pipes and gas cylinders, which has led to the loss of several lives and properties through fire outbreaks and explosions, poisoning and suffocation due to lack of oxygen. In 2013, a report on LPG related accidents in Japan was filed by the High-Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan (KHK). It showed the number of accidents caused by LPG leakage, and a comparison was made with the previous years. As at 2013, there were 206 recorded accidents which left 3 people dead and 52 people injured [3]. From 2014, up to January 2015, there were over 12 recorded LPG leakage related accidents in Chennai in India, and according to the report, this is an indication that the loss of life and damages caused by LPG accidents is on the increase in India. As at January 2015, in Chennai, two incidents had already been reported which left 3 people dead, and 6 others injured [P. Petlee, 2015].
In Nigeria, although there are no accurate statistics and records on LPG related accidents, there have been cases of fire accidents and explosions in industries, fields, and environments where LPG is processed or used. A good example is an incident that occurred in August 2015, in which a family in Azia community, in Anambra State, took delivery of the bodies of nine of their children, who were roasted to death in their Lagos abode by fire that was caused due to undetected gas leakage [S. Eno-Abasi, 2017]. There is no system in place that detects and arrests gas leakage in most kitchens in Nigeria. Even with all the modern building techniques and technologies, installation of gas leakage detection systems in the house, especially in the kitchen, is neglected, and this creates a fire hazard safety gap that can lead to serious disaster.
In this study, a gas leakage detector is designed and implemented to detect gas levels above the normal threshold level, especially in a confined environment. The gas leakage detector notifies the residents by activating a loud alarm,
Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.
1.2 PROBLEM STSTEMENT
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a major fuel for cooking in Nigeria. LPG is dispensed into cylinders which are in various sizes and storage capacities. Multiple cases of household fires, injuries and fatalities due to LPG leakage and explosion have been recorded in Nigeria. This undesirable trend persists majorly because households in Nigeria don't have gas leakage detection systems. Gas leakage detection system was invented to solve the problem of the gas detection which gives an alarm indication when gas leakage occurs.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to build a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak. At the end of this work students involves:
- Will be able to design a portable gas sensor
- will learn how to interface MQ6 Gas sensor
The purpose of this project is to detect the presence of LPG leakage as a part of a safety system.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This work deals with building a gas leakage detecting system which provides safety approach in detecting gas leakage and evacuate the gas before it is ignited. In this study, a model gas leakage detector system are presented. The implemented, microcontroller-based system, activates a buzzer when a gas leak is detected. To ensure that the house occupant is adequately notified when there is a gas leakage. Gas leak detection was built around MQ-6 sensor and microcontroller. This sensor usually employs an audible alarm to alert people when a dangerous gas has been detected. Gas Sensor (MQ-6) module is useful for gas leakage detection (in home and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol. Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time, measurements can be taken as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by using the potentiometer. All of this sensor is used for a wide range of applications and can be found in industrial plants, refineries, waste-water treatment facilities, vehicles, and homes.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Gas detector can be found useful to detect the presence of gases in areas such as:
- industrial plants,
- refineries,
- Homes (kitchen)
- pharmaceutical manufacturing,
- fumigation facilities,
- paper pulp mills,
- aircraft and ship-building facilities,
- hazmat operations,
- waste-water treatment facilities,
- vehicles, indoor air quality testing and homes
The storage or distribution of any gas involves the gas being contained in vessels or pipes under pressure. Any leak in these systems will therefore result in significant amounts of gas (probably invisible) escaping into the surrounding air. What happens to the gas then depends on the nature of the gas and the immediate environment, but can pose a threat to life in three ways:
- Combustible gas can gather and reach a density at which it can ignite and cause a fireball.
- Toxic gas can cause illness, paralysis or death if inhaled.
- Any gas in sufficient quantities will displace oxygen and therefore pose a serious risk to life.
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- This device requires steady power supply for effect operation. That means that it will become inactive if the mains power supply fails or the battery goes low.
- The Sensor requires quarterly calibration and do not have a long life.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 SUMMARY
In summary, there are several options for a building's gas and alarm system. The ultimate system type, and selected components, will be dependent upon the building construction and value, its use or uses, the type of occupants, mandated standards, content value, and mission sensitivity. Contacting a fire engineer or other appropriate professional who understands gas problems and the different alarm and detection options is usually a preferred first step to find the best system.
The implementation of a gas leakage detector corresponds to increased cases of death caused by gas leakage in our environment. These devastating events could be avoided if CO detection systems were installed. Therefore, the main idea of this research is to create a simple and easy system that has high sensitivity and can sense the presence of CO gas in a vehicle‟s cabin. From the construction, the system has then been interfaced to the microcontroller on-board system. The microcontroller has been programmed to send a signal to the logic detector circuit then to the alarm system. The development of software was then tested to ensure it worked properly with the hardware. The communication test between hardware and software was successful. The hardware responded correctly to the command sent to it. This result shows that, the system has been implemented and tested successfully. This system has been designed to produce greater flexibility, ease of implementation and lower cost because the system PIC16F628A microcontroller which is a Flash based microcontroller can be programmed and erased several times.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in our homes, offices, industries or wherever gas and other flammable liquids are been used. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.
Working on this topic as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "construction of a gas leakage dictator alarm using microcontroller" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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