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TITLE PAGE

CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER FOR BOTH OVERHEAD AND UNDERGROUND TANKS

 

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.

By
Engr. ---                                                     Engr. ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
 Engr. ---
External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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Automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tank is designed to monitor the level of water in a tank. It displays the level of water and when it is at the lowest level; a pump is activated automatically to refill the tank. When the tank is filled to its maximum capacity, the pump is automatically de-energized. Several circuits are put together to ensure proper working of this design, and the block diagram includes the supply unit, the micro-processor unit, the sensor unit, the display unit and the pump drives unit. The power unit is responsible for turning on the entire circuit. Some components are used to set up power unit and they include; a 15v step down transformer, a bridge rectifier circuit, a smoothening capacitor and a voltage regulator IC. The microprocessor (AT89S50) controls virtually all the actions carried out in this design. (AT89S50) is used in the design. The sensor unit is responsible for sensing the level of water and transfer the current position of water to the microprocessor. The display unit in the circuit is use to physically show the current position of water in the tank, the properties of seven segment display are been used.

TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1      OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.2     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.3      SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.4      APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
1.5      LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.6      PROJECT CONSTRIANTS
1.7      PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
1.8      PROJECT ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF WATER REGULATOR
2.3      THE CONCEPT OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER SYSTEM
CHAPTER THREE
3.0      CONSTRUCTIONS METHODOLOGY
3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2      DESCRITION OF SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.3      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.5      CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE WATER INDICATOR
3.6      COMPONENTS USED
3.7      THE WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.8      POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.9      DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0      RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1      INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN
4.2      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.3      CASING AND PACKAGING
4.4      ASSEMBLING OF SECTION
4.4      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5      PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
4.6      COST ANALYSIS
4.7      DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1      CONCLUSION
5.2      RECOMMENDATION
5.3      BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                         INTRODUCTION
The Water Level regulator is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.
Automatic water level regulator circuit is an engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level regulator circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.
The automatic pump regulator eliminates the need for any manual switching of pumps installed for the purpose of pumping water from a reservoir to an overhead tank. It automatically switches on the pump when the water level in the tank falls below a certain low level, provided the water level in the reservoir is above a certain level. Subsequently, as the water level in the tank rises to an upper level (M), the pump switched off automatically. The pump is turned on again only when the water level again falls below level in the tank, provided the level in the reservoir is above R. This automated action continues.

1.1                                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The project “automatic water level control with an automatic pump control system” is design to monitor the level of liquid in the tank. The system has an automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the lower threshold, while offing the pump once the liquid gets to the higher threshold. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office water management system. Moreover, the common method of level control for home appliance is simply to start the feed pump at a low level and allow it to run until a higher water level is reached in the water tank. This water level control, controls monitor and maintain the water level in the overhead tank and ensures the continuous flow of water round the clock without the stress of going to switch the pump ON or OFF thereby saving time, energy, water, and
prevent the pump from overworking Besides this, liquid level control systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels in reservoirs, silos. Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually being reached with disbursement linked to sensing and automation, such programmatic approach entails microcontroller based automated water level sensing and controlling.

1.1                                                       AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The goal or objectives of which the designed device is expected to accomplish is to build an automatic water level control with automatic control system. In this project sensors are place at different level of the tank and with the aid of this sensors, the micro-controller monitor the level of the liquid at any particular point in time, some of the objectives are
1. to design an automatic water monitoring system
2. to incorporate an interactive medium between the end user and the machine
3. to prevent over labor of the pumping machine and prevent it from getting bad
4. to avoid wastage of water
5. since the demand of electricity is very high, automatic water level control saves energy

1.2                                           PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
Automatic water level monitor came into existence because of human error and inconsistence that is associated with manually operated water pumping machine. This is because it takes time for individual who is manually operating the water pump to turn off the pumping machine and this may cause water spillage and at times the individual might not know that the water level has drop so low until the tank is completely empty. This was the problem that leads to the development of the ideal of an automatic water level control and automatic pump short down.

1.3                                           SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The project was design to automatically control the pump which ensures constant reserve of water in the reservoir. The scope of the design was keep concise and simple to in other not to introduce unnecessary complexities and render it generally uncomfortable. The system does not have attached complex peripheral device which though impossible for the detail printable information has been excluded for reasons of affordability material of low range and less accurate performances as opposed to a well built automatic water pump was use d to achieve this aim, the automatic water level controller detect and control the water in the tank

1.4                                                       CONSTRAINS
The biggest setback experience during the course of this project is difficulties in finding the design of the project, secondly sourcing of material and component I used for the project were difficult to find like pump and buffer for programming.

1.5                                           LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
It is significant to know that this design is limited to 12v, 5amps electric pump and cannot be use to control industrial water pump above 5 amps.

1.6                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
Advantages of this study are as follows:

• Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
• Easy to Operate: these systems come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
• Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
• Materials of Construction: this water control system is  protected the against corrosion.
• Safety : This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
•  Save roofs
• Save water
•  Save electricity

1.7                                       APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Water level regulator detects the level water then triggers the pump and blows alarm and vice versa. They are useful devices and play an important role in various industries such as:

• automobile,
•  irrigation
•  and also at homes, or wherever water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.8                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, scope, objective, constraint,  limitation and problem, justification of this work was discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

CHAPTER ONE: The complete chapter one of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter one of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks”consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on“construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” was reviewed.

CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “construction of automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tanks” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

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