CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC BOOK SHELVE
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TITLE PAGE
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "construction of metallic book shelve" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The importance of books is gaining new insight or perspectives on issues that matter to the reader that helps them to have a new understanding of the world around them. Readers can apply the insight in everyday life or as a way of building upon the knowledge that already encompasses their mind and enrich their lives.
Books are used recoding of what is happening or event that has already taken place which can be storing information it is useful and for the information that such books contained not to cost it support to be properly kept and these can be done when those books are kept in a cool dry place and a place free from rodents and insects attacked, this brings about the deign and construction of a metallic bookshelf that will be economically cheap and equally meet up its demands.
This project aims at designing and constructing a book metallic shelf hose capability will be to contain different standard sizes of books at minimum paces.
What is taken into consideration in this project are the cost of its production, processes, and maintenance.
Other considerable factors are the functional aspect of the plant/equipment and its durability as well as the reliability. Portability, stability and the physical appearance of the entire equipment.
Furthermore, the major result obtained from the construction were up to standard of a recommended book shelve. The cost for labour, purchasement, transportation, machine, and general total cost was N24,000.00 only (Twenty four thousand Naria only).
TABLE CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
Letter of transmittal
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
Sequence of operation (constructional procedure)
CHAPTER FOUR
Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and Recommendation
Cost Estimation
References (Bibliography)
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A book shelve is a set of shelves with doors either built into a room offices or industries as a fixed, or a separate piece of furniture, used for utensils, provisions, clothing, storing, book shelves etc. those cupboard used in the libraries and offices for packing books are called book shelves.
In the industries, materials are stored in cupboard refer as a facility for storage.
In material selection for the construction of any cupboard strongly depends on the properties and purposes the cupboard will serve. Generally, considering all the materials of construction, it can be seen that, for instance, both metals and non- metals have their individual merits. But in companism, metals have a lot of advantages over non-metals.
For instance, while many types of metal are suitable for high temperature operation, non-metals such as wood and glass are suitable for lower and limited range of temperatures. Metals posses a wider range of chemical stability them non-metals. So, it can be said that the obvious advantage of first cost cheapness of non-metallic materials is counseled by other disadvantages of non-metals, the most glaring of which is that of narrow applicability. Considering the cost also, the first cost of materials is even not takes as a sufficient indicator on which to base the selection of construction materials. The following cost factors among other must also be considered. Fabrication cost, installation cost, maintenance cost and cost of replacement. These cost factors must be considered in the material selection for construction.
Books shelve desire it name and purpose sometimes from the material of construction and also the shape it takes. Most book shelves built in homes, usually used for lairing clothes, serves the purposed of protecting clothes for the dust and other things and so, they are arranged in a chronological order, files are also arranged in arc inside the book shelve for protection of the necessary documents of the institution. Such cupboards are normally refers to as bookshelves. It is usually made of metals.
Most cupboards used for domestic purposes such as keeping of dishes and provisions, are usually made of wood, and in this case, there is no observation of all the operation involved in the construction of metal cupboard.
This is because of the soft nature of wood.
Instead of the use of guillotine saw is used in the cutting off, of the excess of use of the wood during construction instead the use of welding, nail is used in the arrangement of the different parts of cupboard. Another major different between those cupboard made of wood and those made of metal is that, wooden cupboard cannot protect the trough inside it in presence of fire outbreak without getting burnt
There are several types of metals that can be used for construction. Metals for contraction include: Gold, Silver, Aluminum, Bronze, Steel, and Iron. There are usually about three types of steel, as it constitutes the widest use metal. These types include low carbon-steel that has about 0.3%-0.4% carbon contain about 0.3%-0.6% carbon, and high carbon steel that contain about 0.7%-20%carbon.
Steel are used in the construction of metal cupboard, this is because it is soft to cutting, bending and several operation applied to the metal during construction. The galvanized type of steel has a nature of stainless steel and so does not support rust.
Because of this, it is not painted after using it for construction. In fabrication of sheets of metals, several types of gauge are produced and these include, gauge 22, gauge 20, gauge18, gauge16, gauge14, gauge12 and gauge10.
G auge18 and gauge16 are the best types of metal bookshelves.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
This book shelve will primarily can help people especially members of students to store the book after using it. The placement of book is not compatible because it located on table. After using the book student only compiles the book and so that, the arrangement of the book is not regulated and scattered. Thus, the development of this book shelve is hope can provide better arrangement at the book by store it at on place.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
This project aims at designing and constructing a book metallic shelf hose capability will be to contain different standard sizes of books at minimum paces.
So the objectives of this project are:
• To design book shelve that is suite to its application especially for loading items.
• To minimize the manufacturing cost by minimize the complexity of the book shelve and simulate the material used with cheaper material but having high strength and endurance.
• To fabricate and introduce the new concepts and ideas for future prospect of book shelve.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
A lot of people tend to prefer a metal shelf over a wooden one, for various reasons. First of all, metal shelving is in many cases more economical than wooden shelving, since the latter naturally involves more craftsmanship and skill. Moreover, metal shelves do not require a lot of maintenance, and can be easily kept clean and tidy. Even repairing a metal shelf is much simpler than trying to repair a wooden shelf. Three very popular types of metal used for shelves are stainless steel, chrome and wrought iron.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Metal shelve is known for being tough and heavy. Because of how tough it is, you can often use less, partially negating the weight. It can be a little harder to work with. It is more costly than wooden shelve.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
In this work, valuable data are searched and gathered. Considering the shape of the book rack in terms of its complexity and method to produce.
Sketching and designing using Solid work software in creating the design of the book shelve. Fabricate and produce the book rack by using all necessary manufacturing process such as welding, bending, punching, grinding, measuring, marking and painting.
Simulate the mechanism of the book shelve produce is in line with the expected function to be.
1.7 DIFFERENT KINDS OF METAL SHELVING
Stainless Steel Shelves
Steel is used abundantly in shelving projects, especially by industries, since it has many advantages over other types of shelving. Indeed, steel is best suited in the working environment, since it withstands a lot of damage as well as high temperatures. In companies operating under fire or explosive hazards, steel shelving provides a safe option when compared to other alternatives.
When it comes to the food industry, steel is also the preferred metal for shelves. Many restaurants use steel shelving to store food since steel allows a better circulation of air, and is also very strong when it comes to supporting heavy crates of food and drinks. Ease of cleaning is, of course, another important aspect–steel can withstand scrubbing and bleach.
Inevitably, steel shelving solutions are a bit more expensive than other alternatives, but then again quality products always cost more. In the long run, the durability of steel shelving may well save a lot of money which would otherwise have been spent to replace a different shelving choice.
Chrome Wire Shelves
Chrome wire shelving is renowned for its versatility and relative inexpensiveness. They are also strong and can resist denting better than other metal shelving. Most importantly, chrome shelving can be used in a wide range of places for home or industrial use: utility rooms, garages, mudrooms, pantries, dormitories and even offices. Chrome shelves are used both as storage units as well as display units.
As a material, chrome is regarded as being elegant, tasteful and clean, not to mention that it matches with just about anything. If you take care of a chrome shelving unit, it can retain its beauty and functionality for a long time. Moreover, chrome wire shelving is far less cumbersome than other traditional furniture, and is easy to assemble.
Chrome wire shelving is thus recommended to anyone who is frequently moving from one residence to another, as well as for those who are a bit low on funds but still want something tasteful and of good quality.
Wrought Iron Shelves
Wrought iron furniture in general is widely considered to be the most elegant style of furniture available, as well as being classy, design friendly and durable. This last feature is perhaps one of the best aspects of wrought iron shelves, since its durability and water resistance make it practically indestructible. Shelves made out of wrought iron can hold any weight and size without damage.
Clearly, wrought iron shelving is also chosen for its elegance and appearance. Indeed, wrought iron furniture in general is suitable both for old-fashioned and antique décor, as well as for modern homes.
Unfortunately, wrought iron shelving may be quite expensive, but as in the case of steel shelving, it is more worth it in the long run. The quality, durability and elegance of wrought iron thus outweigh the disadvantage of elevated costs. Another possible disadvantage of this type of shelving is its susceptibility to environmental changes. Since iron is a good conductor, wrought iron may become too cold in chilly weather and too hot in summer. Moreover, rust may also develop if the material not adequately taken care of. Painting wrought iron shelves regularly will ensure that they remain in a good condition through time.
Metal shelving may come in different kinds, most notably steel, chrome and wrought iron. The general advantages of metal shelves easily outnumber any disadvantages they may entail, making metal shelving a favorite amongst many people, both for homes and for businesses.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
Applying the procedure mentioned above, one will arrive at the end of having produced a book shelve made of mild steel, which can serve the purpose of packaging for the industries, storage facilities for industries, as well as laboratories, shelves for offices and libraries, etc.
In the course of the construction, one will realize that the effect of every operation underwent contributed greatly to the book shelve.
Marking out operation helped to bring out the conceptional idea of the book shelve, and also contribute in clear transferring of the idea on the sheet.
Cutting operation helped to bring out the sheets of mild metal from the plain sheet. Also the excess (unwanted) metal were removed. Folding operation also helped to bend the required parts into shapes. Thereby adding strength to the folded parts.
If the constructional material is wood, nails and gums would have served the purpose of building the structure, but as it is metal, the need for welding operation was required. This operation did the work of gluing together two sheets. The selection of the electrode used for welding depends on the thickness of the metal sheet used. The type of welding method also depends on the type of work under operation (construction).
The filling operation, body filling operation and painting operation contributes to the smoothness and durability of the book shelve. Just as the use of emery paper and spraying induce smoothness on the wooden bookshelves.
Finally, in order to arrive at the end of this construction, these operations must be observed. Necessary safety precautions such as wearing of helmet, eye goggles, ear morph, hand glove, lab-coat, and safety shoes. All other mechanical electrical and chemical precaution must be observed or given prior attention. The safety measures were adopted in order to avoid sustaining injuries although the steel book shelve was injury free. This is because it was coated with metal to prevent corrosion or rusting of bath the book shelve and the equipment being stored or kept. The objective of every storage facility constructed is to ensure the storage of materials whose record are very important. This is for reference purposes and to check corrupt practices on offices.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
In order to keep the shelve in good condition it is recommended that frequent inspection be carried out. Experienced personnel should visually inspect heavily used racks daily. All connections must be inspected to ensure that bolts and other structural pieces are not loose or damaged.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "construction of metallic book shelve" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "construction of metallic book shelve" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "construction of metallic book shelve" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "construction of metallic book shelve" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "construction of metallic book shelve" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "construction of metallic book shelve" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "construction of metallic book shelve" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "construction of metallic book shelve" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "construction of metallic book shelve" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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