DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 16-CHANNEL RUNNING LED CIRCUIT USING BC 547 AND BC557 TRANSISTORS
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"visible for everyone, then the complete material on"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Undoubtedly, LED technology has advanced significantly in the last decade. Today, LEDs are the primary electric light sources used in new designs for virtually all general and specialty lighting applications, both indoors and outdoors. LEDs have been successfully used in applications ranging from pathway lighting, where small amounts of light are needed, to stadium lighting, where large amounts of light with precise optical control are required. Similarly, successful indoor applications for LEDs range from under cabinet lighting in residences to high bay lighting in industrial settings, and also in running LED application.
In running LED, the LEDs turns on/off one by one giving a running appearance. This running LED circuit is used for decoration purpose or as an indicator. When we power the circuit, LEDs start glowing one by one in circular pattern.
Light emitting diodes are advantageous due to their smaller size, low current consumption and catchy colours they emit.
In this work transistors drives an array of LEDs in such a way that individual LEDs (or small groups of LEDs) turn on and off in a predetermined and repeating sequence, thus producing a visually attractive display in which one or more ripples of light seem to repeatedly run through a chain or around a ring of LEDs.
The Main Advantage of this LED chaser is it does not require any ic or microcontroller.
This Circuit is made using mainly NPN and PNP transistors and capacitors and some resistors.
This LED chaser circuit produces a blinking effect that looks the same as Running effect in a particular direction. All LEDs blink as moving in one direction. The circuit diagram of the work is as shown below:
Statement of the problem
LED based running light offer versatile lighting solutions for enhanced visibility and decoration for both outdoor and outdoor purpose. There are many existed works on running LED built using IC or microcontroller but using IC or microcontroller to build a running LED makes it complex and expensive. To overcome this challenge a running LED is built using transistors making it cheaper and easy to build. This work is carried out to build a 16 channel running LED circuit using BC547 and BC557 transistors
Aim and objectives of the study
The aim of this study is to build a 16 channel running LED circuit using BC547 and BC557 transistors.
The objectives of the study are:
- To build the system prototype
- To study the configuration of a BC547 and BC557 transistors
- To have different kinds of running decoration lighting patterns
Scope of the study
The scope of this work covers building a 16 channel running LED circuit using BC547 and BC557 transistors which can be used for decoration purpose or as an indicator
Significance of the study
This study will provide a means of studying the application of LED. The study will also serve as a means of providing a review of individuals who have worked on the applications of LED.
The study will also provide a technical knowledge of LED lightening application.
Methodology
The research work is started with problem identification, which is followed by defining the objectives, significance and scope/limitation of the study shall be discussed.
The research has then proceeded by introducing the study in full and related literatures were shall be reviewed using magazines, books, journals, internet etc. In parallel with literature review, an in-depth desk study shall be conducted with respect to the subject matter
The chapter three shall discuss the method that can be used in design and implementation. Chapter four shall analyze the result generated with respect to the study method used.
Finally, conclusion and recommendation shall be drafted base on the proposed study.
BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION
The cost of purchasing all the components / materials and quantity that will be used in building this project are shown below:
S/N |
DESCRIPTION |
QUANTITY |
UNIT PRICE (N) |
COST (N) |
REMARK |
1 |
resistors |
6 |
20 |
120 |
|
2 |
transistors |
3 |
100 |
300 |
|
3 |
Vero Board |
1 |
400 |
400 |
|
4 |
BATTERY |
1 |
300 |
300 |
9v |
5 |
LEDs |
16 |
20 |
320 |
|
6 |
CONNECTING WIRE |
6YARDS |
100 |
600 |
|
7 |
SWITCH |
2 |
300 |
600 |
|
8 |
Battery connector |
1 |
200 |
200 |
|
9 |
capacitors |
3 |
100 |
300 |
|
10 |
Casing |
1 |
2000 |
2000 |
|
11 |
LOCAL TRANSPORT |
|
|
6000 |
|
12 |
MISCELLONOUS |
|
|
6000 |
|
TATAL |
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Work Plan
|
January |
February |
Match |
April |
Proposal |
|
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Project Writing |
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Project presentation |
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Project defense |
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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of"design and construction of 16-channel running led circuit using bc 547 and bc557 transistors"consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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