DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC CAR BATTERY CHARGER WITH FULL VOLTAGE CUTOUT
A battery charger is an electrical device employed for charging batteries. These batteries that are usually charged by battery charger are the storage batteries also known as “accumulator” the battery charger changes. The alternating current forms the power line into d.c suitable for charging. When the battery is fully changed, is up to it’s maximum, 12 volt, the charger with automatically stop changing with the help of the contact relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current back to the system, and the system have the ability to indicate when the battery is charging or not, when the battery is empty or fully charged.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.
The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of clanty are group into your basic unit they are:
The power supply units
The smoothing circuits
The regulating unit and
Regulated D.C charging units
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely int eh size of battery or battery or batteries which on mterds to charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge with out a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objective of the project is to design a device that will recharge 12v car lead acid battery when discharged, a battery charger that will shut off the charging process once the battery attains full charge using lm317. This prevents overcharging of the battery so that, the charger can be left unattended.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device charges 12v acid battery mainly, however, if the output voltages are adjusted can be used to charge battery of lower or higher voltages. Apart from charging batteries, this device can also be used as a battery level monitor due to the battery level feature it contains.
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
The main advantages of this battery charger over other chargers is the ability of the charger to indicate battery charging levels and also the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and resume charging when the battery level drops below the set level.
1.5 FEACTURES OF AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
Features of automatic battery charger are as below:
- Automatic battery charger has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
- It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Battery charger is used in the following devices for the purpose of recharging device batteries:
- It is used in inverter
- It is used in cellphone
- It is used in Solar energy system
- It is used in vehicles
- It is used in an uninterruptible power supply(UPS), etc.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The only problem with this device is that it takes longer time to recharge car battery because of the low current output, and it is design only for a 12 battery.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective, feactures of the study, advantages, limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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