A battery charger is an electrical device employed for charging batteries. These batteries that are usually charged by battery charger are the storage battery chargers are the storage batteries also known as “accumulator” the battery charger changes. The alternating current forms the power line into d.c suitable for charging. When the battery is fully changed, is up to it’s maximum, 12 volt, the charger with automatically stop changing with the help of the contact relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current back to the system.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.
This charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of clanty are group into your basic unit they are:
The power supply units
The smoothing circuits
The regulating unit and
Regulated D.C charging units
Voltage limiting circuit
Current limiting circuit
Microprocessor unit and LCD unit.
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely on size of battery. Smaller sized battery could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge without a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objective of the project is to design a device that will recharge battery when discharged. The device has the ability to display voltage level via LCD.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device charges 12v acid battery mainly, however, if the output voltages are adjusted can be used to charge battery of lower or higher voltages. Apart from charging batteries, this device can also be used as a battery level monitor due to the battery level feature it contains which displays on the LCD.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Battery charger is used in the following devices for the purpose of recharging device batteries:
- It is used in inverter
- It is used in cellphone
- It is used in Solar energy system
- It is used in vehicles
- It is used in an uninterruptible power supply(UPS), etc.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The only problem with this device is that it takes little time to recharge battery because of the high current output.
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
Features of this automatic battery charger made it more advantageous than other types and they are as below:
- Automatic battery charger has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
- Built in LCD for showing battery Levels of any type of battery
- It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.
- It composes of in-built active components which stop charging process when the battery is fully charged.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
1.6 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the charger. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the charger were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the charger. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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