This work is on change over selector switch for automatic toggling of an inverter when AC mains is present and vice versa and also the system must enable automatic switching of the battery charger such that when AC mains is present the inverter battery gets charged and when AC mains fails, the battery gets connected with the inverter for supplying AC to the load. The configuration should be such that everything takes place automatically and the appliances are never switched OFF, just reverted from inverter AC to Mains AC and vice versa during mains power failures and restorations.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
This automatic inverter Changeover Switch is a device used to switch off a power supply and subsequently switch on another power supply. Basically it is aimed at switching on a more convenient power supply to the load. This work offers automatic toggling of an inverter when AC mains is present and vice versa and also the system must enable automatic switching of the battery charger such that when AC mains is present the inverter battery gets charged and when AC mains fails, the battery gets connected with the inverter for supplying AC to the load.
Since it switches on power to the load, precautions has to be taken while choosing the type of Change Over Switch, while selecting the appropriate size, the control of arcing has to be put into consideration.
A good switch should be the one whose contact is made in such a way as to limit the arc formation by having no contact-bounce and by having contacts made of good conductive, corrosion resistance and wear resistance materials.
A good change over switch must have adequate insulation and must be so constructed and located as not to constitute a potential hazard.
A good change over switch should also have tight contact points so as to limit or eliminate the possibility of partial contact at the contact point. The partial contact leads to over heating of the components and may lead to fire outbreak in the entire room.

1.1                                                 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Due to inconsistent supply of power, there is a growing need for an alternative source of power supply that is the major reason of having inverter. This has lead to heavy capital investment in a bid to suppress power failure and ensure regular power supply for the industry, hospitals, schools and homes. The problem of power failure can be checkmated with the use of stand-by inverter system.
If some of these big firm do not make provisions for stand-by power source, frustration could set in which may lead to the closure of business and thus throwing workers into unemployment. Also in the case of hospital, undergoing a surgical operation and power supply suddenly go off, the patient might loose his or her life due to the power outage.
In view of these considerations, this project is aimed at designing and constructing a workable automatic change over switch for an inverter which offers automatic toggling of an inverter when AC mains is present and vice versa and also the system must enable automatic switching of the battery charger such that when AC mains is present the inverter battery gets charged and when AC mains fails, the battery gets connected with the inverter for supplying AC to the load.
1.2                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The automatic change over switch, the switch aimed at achieving the following automatic actions;

• To change power over from inverter to mains supply and vice-versa and also to enable automatic switching of the battery charger such that when AC mains is present the inverter battery gets charged and when AC mains fails, the battery gets connected with the inverter for supplying AC to the load.

The automatic change over unit can be operated in single inverter has the following advantages;
It minimizes damages to lives/equipment since it has its own monitoring system and its switching requires no human contact with the switch, thus eliminating human error. 
It reduces its change over timing to the minimum due to its fast response to power outage.
It maintains high quality of service through its fast and prompt response.
Moreover, the size and captivity of the unit will depend upon the load for which it will be used. The unit is also portable, easy, convenient and safe to install.

1.3                                     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
In every home, office or industries, automatic power changeover  plays a vital role, that is, It provides a means of switching from utility AC mains to inverter in the case of power failure; This project has been improved on the existing types of electromechanical device that has being in use over the years.     
In the course of designing this project, different kinds of problem was notice such as:

• Difficulty in troubleshooting with circuit without the circuit diagram
• Difficulty in connecting the output without short-circuiting, until a multiplexing circuit was gotten.
• Difficult in wiring because of the strong wiring the project required..

1.4                              SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
This work covers only a one phase automatic changeover which can only be used for providing a means of switching from inverter to AC mains and vice- versa in the case of failure in public utility.

1.5                                     APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

• Apart from using this work in inverter, this circuit can also be used as a home lighting system with few modifications.
• It can be used to drive other DC loads like a DC motor of any electronic appliance or other toy applications.

1.6                          PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to an automatic inverter changeover. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an automatic inverter changeover were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of an automatic inverter changeover. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

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