DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V CELL PHONE BATTERY CHARGER
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This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
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This project is titled design and construction of a 6V cell phone battery charger. A 6V cell phone battery charger is an electronics device used in charging 6v cell phone batteries when used up by the instrument connected to it. This electronics device has the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and starts charging when the battery voltage drops below the set point. A 6V cell phone battery charger is basically a DC power supply source. Here a transformer is used to step down the AC mains input voltage to the required level as per the rating of the transformer. The transformer output is rectified by BR1 and the positive DC supply is directly connected to the charger’s output contact, while the negative terminal is connected through current limiting resistor R2. D2 works as a power indicator with R1 serving as the current limiter and D3 indicates the charging status.
A bridge rectifier configuration is used to rectify the low voltage AC into DC and is further smoothed by a high value electrolytic capacitor.
This DC is fed to an electronic circuit which regulates the voltage into a constant level and is applied to the battery under charge, where the energy is stored through an internal process of chemical reaction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- TYPES OF CELL PHONE BATTERIES
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CELL PHONE BATTERY
- REVIEW OF CELL PHONE BATTERY CONSTRUCTION
- REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGE AND DISCHARGE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- USB PHONE CHARGER OPERATION
- USB MOBILE CHARGER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- COMPONENTS USED IN THIS CIRCUIT
- COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
- USB MOBILE CHARGER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
- USB CONNECTION AND CONFIGURATION
CHAPTER FOUR
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM
- BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
Cell phone Battery charger is an electronics device used in charging and recharging batteries when used up by the cell phone. This electronics device has the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and starts charging when the battery voltage drops below the set point
The Cell phone Battery charger uses household current to put an electric charge into a discharged battery. The charger's circuits convert 240-volt household alternating current (AC) to the 9-volt direct current (DC) and regulated to 6v that the cell phone battery needs (Valøen et al., 2017).
This charger will charge any cell phone battery that is rated 6v. It is fully automatic and will charge at a rate up to about 800mA until the battery voltage reaches a preset point at which it will switch to a very low current float charge. If the battery voltage drops again the charger will begin charging until the voltage once again reaches the maximum level and then stop charging. In this way it can be left connected to a battery indefinitely to maintain full charge without causing damage (Valøen et al., 2017). An LED indicates when the battery is fully charged.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Sometimes there is nothing worse than losing all the charges on your cell phone especially when you are in the middle of something very important. Usually this happens at the most inconvenient time probably when you are using your cell phone to surf the web, in the middle of a browsing or when you are desperate to send an important email or text message. A phone charger was invented to provide a required charging voltage to cellphone.
1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of this project is to build a charger that will charge any cell phone battery at 6v output.
The objectives of the work are:
- To build the system prototype at low cost
- To charge a cellphone battery when necessary
- To reduce the cost of buying an imported cellphone charger
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This study will serve as a means of studying the advantages of cell phone battery charger over other chargers. The study will also serve a means of studying the operation and working principle of a cellphone charger.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The charger is made up of various basic units they are:
- The power supply units
- The smoothing circuits
- The regulating unit and
- Regulated D.C charging units
Features of this charger are as below:
- It has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
- It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This charger provides lightweight, high energy density power sources for a variety of devices. To power larger devices, such as electric cars, connecting many small batteries in a parallel circuit is more effective and more efficient than connecting a single large battery such devices include:
- Portable devices: these include mobile phones and smartphones, laptops and tablets, digital cameras and camcorders, electronic cigarettes, handheld game consoles and torches (flashlights).
- Power tools: Li-ion batteries are used in tools such as cordless drills, sanders, saws and a variety of garden equipment including whipper-snippers and hedge trimmers can be charged with this device.
- Electric vehicles: Because of their light weight Li-ion batteries are used for energy storage for many electric vehicles for everything from electric cars to Pedelecs, from hybrid vehicles to advanced electric wheelchairs, from radio-controlled models.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- The only problem with this device is that it is design only for 6v cell phone batteries.
The battery is the lifeblood of your mobile phone. The designers of mobile phones try hard to minimize and use more efficiently the power that the batteries use, which in turn gives longer service from smaller, lighter cell phone batteries.
There are four basic types of rechargeable battery used in mobile phones. Let us examine the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Lithium Polymer (Li-Poly) Batteries
Li-Poly are the newest and most advanced technology for cell phone batteries. Ultra-lightweight, they do not suffer from memory effect and will deliver up to 40% more battery capacity than a Nickel Metal Hybrid (NiMH) of the same size.
“Memory effect” happens when rechargeable batteries are not fully discharged between charge cycles; as a result the battery “remembers” the shortened cycle and is thus reduced in capacity.
Not needing a cell casing makes Lithium Polymer cell phone batteries thinner and lighter batteries. However, they are still quite rare.
Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) Batteries
This is the current and most popular technology for cell phone batteries. The only real drawback of Lithium Ion cell phone batteries is that they are expensive. As such, they tend to be supplied with only top-of-the-line phones. Lithium Ion batteries are slightly lighter than NiMH batteries, but they also have a longer lifetime.
A Lithium Ion battery may be damaged by extensive overcharging (continuously on a cell phone charger for more than 24 hours).
Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries
Nickel Cadmium cell phone batteries are old technology. This is the rechargeable battery that most people are familiar with. NiCd batteries suffer from memory effect, and they must be completely discharged before recharging or else damage can occur. The chemicals used in NiCd batteries are not environmentally friendly, and the disposal of cadmium-rich waste is an increasing problem.
They are the cheapest variety of phone batteries. Their affordablility helps to bring down the overall cost of mobile phones.
Nickel Metal Hydrid (NiMH) Batteries
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries claim to be superior to NiCd because they don't contain cadmium. The cell phone batteries are made from non-toxic materials and are environmentally friendly. They also deliver a higher capacity in relation to their size and weight.
NiMH cell phone batteries are relatively new technology and are prone to the “memory effect", but only to a very small extent. To maximize performance, it is advised to completely discharge the battery after every 20th recharge.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES
5.1 CONCLUSION
Having carefully selected the entire component that are required for the construction of the charger and built according to the circuit diagram we were able to design and construct a workable cell phone battery charger.
This charger is not designed for Cell phone battery whose EMF is beyond 6volts; otherwise the charge output voltage will not be sufficient to carry out any meaniful charging operation.
As with any charger it must be housed in a clean environment and operations should be by will trained individual.
Protective materials should be worn while charging batteries to avoid danger to health as a result of the gassing from the battery as the gas are highly inflammable.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
In the implementation of this project what has proved most difficulties is the selection of the right value of components some were using two diode (the marine value), in order to have a perfect full wave rectification, we made use of four diodes and the and a functional portable battery is been designed and constructed.
The charger is very single to use, ever to a Longman all he needs is just a little instruction and it will be accustomed to its method of working.
There is still further improvement demanded from use, mostly in the area of building a work complex and functions charger that could charge cells of higher voltage that might be able to charge move that two or three battery at the sometimes having more than one terminal.
No doubt, the design and construction of this cell phone charger. In fact, this actually performed us to take even challenges to this kind of coincidence and commitment.
Due to the possibility of this, it has surely put smiles on the face of most people like some motorist who has long been finding it difficult in charging their own cell phone batteries at their homes and at their convenient time.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a 6v cell phone battery charger" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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