DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CLOSED LOOP TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
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TITLE PAGE
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Dr. --- Dr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Dr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This work is on “closed loop traffic light control system”. Growing number of road users and the limited resources provided by current infrastructures lead to ever increasing traveling times. Traffic in a city is very much affected by traffic light controllers. When waiting for a traffic light, the driver loses time, manpower, increases air pollution and the car waste fuel. To make traffic light controllers more intelligent, this paper exploit the emergence of novel technologies, such as communication networks and sensor networks, as well as the use of more sophisticated algorithms for setting traffic lights. The Intelligent Traffic Control System is formed as a network of embedded systems. Intelligent traffic light control does not only mean that traffic lights are set in order to minimize wait- times, but also takes care of the perpetual need for safety critical traffic automation. The main goal however, is to make efficient planning and management of traffic control systems. This piece of work will proffer solution to the problem caused by the existing system in the state. Some of these problems will be highlighted in this report and analysis of the intelligent traffic signal light control system will be made. This work will lead to a novel system in which traffic light controllers and the behavior of car drivers are optimized using machine-learning methods.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- REVIEW OF 2-WAY JUNCTION
- TRAFFIC LIGHT MOUNTING
- TYPES OF TRAFFIC LIGHT
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- DESIGN ANALYSIS
- POWER SUPPLY STAGE
- TRANSFORMATION
- RECTIFICATION
- FILTER CIRCUIT
- TRAFFIC MOVEMENT FEEDBACK
- MICROCONTROLLER UNIT
- TIME DISPLAY
- TRAFFIC LIGHT
- DRIVER
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULT OF SIMULATION
- RESULT DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A traffic light is a collection of two or more colored lights found at some junctions and pedestrian crossings which indicates whether it is safe and/or legal to continue across the path of other road users. In Nigeria, traffic lights are widely used both on major roads and in built-up areas. Their numbers have increased exponentially since they were first invented in 1868.The operation of standard traffic lights which are currently deployed in many junctions, are based on predetermined timing schemes, which are fixed during the installation and remain until further resetting. The timing is no more than a default setup to control what may be considered as normal traffic. Although every road junction by necessity requires different traffic light timing setup, many existing systems operate with an over- simplified sequence. This has instigated variousideas and scenarios to solve the traffic problem. To design an intelligent and efficient traffic control system, a number of parameters that represent the status of the road conditions must be identified and taken into consideration.
Traffic signals are the most convenient method of controlling traffic in a busy junction. But, we can see that these signals fail to control the traffic effectively when a particular lane has got more traffic than the other lanes. This situation makes that particular lane more crowd than the other lanes. If the traffic signals can allot different time slots to different lanes according to the traffic present in each lane, then, this problem can be solved easily.
A closed loop traffic light control system is an intelligent traffic light control that gives priority to lanes that has got more traffic without waiting other lanes endlessly.
One aspect of this work aims at developing a traffic control algorithm for future technology in the country. The design of the traffic control system can be evaluated in two steps – synthesis and analysis. Several models and multiple control strategies exist, and engineers must decide between them using a prior knowledge of the real system. Previously collected information can help to choose the appropriate model, parameters, measurement and control methodologies to create the optimal solution.
This project work will introduce the concept of sensor networks that supports the development of reliable and optimal control structures for urban traffic and for motorway systems.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The essence of traffic light is control the flow of traffic. It was observed that the most traffic light are programmed and timed which lights even when there is no traffic in the line of application and this causes waste of time, energy and fuel. When waiting for a traffic light, the driver loses time, manpower, increases air pollution and the car waste fuel. To make traffic light controllers more intelligent, this device was invented which solve the problem mentioned – to minimize the wait- time of the cars at intersections
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of this work is to make efficient planning and management of traffic control systems.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device minimizes the wait- time of the cars at intersections, when the traffic volume is significantly high. Besides, it can prevent the emergency car stucked in the traffic jam at the intersections as well.
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
- To understand the structure and operation of a microcontroller
- To study the assembly language design and their programming technique
- To understand how to make the interfacing to the microcontroller
- To design a program that works together with a model of three- junction traffic light and sensors.
- To build the model of three-junctions of intelligent traffic light that can overcome some of major problem of current traffic light.
- Construct a model of three way junction of a traffic light model.
- Program a microcontroller to control the traffic light.
- Combine the software and the hardware part to simulate a traffic light system.
1.7 ADVATAGES OF THE PROJECT
- Traffic control signals provide for an orderly movement of traffic.
- They help in reducing the frequency of an accident of some special nature i.e. of right angles accidents.
- They intercept heavy traffic to allow other traffic to cross the road intersection safety.
- They provide authority to the drivers to move with confidence.
- They control the speed of vehicles on main as well as on secondary roads.
- They direct traffic on different routes without excessive congestion.
- The provide economy over manual control at the intersection.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Cost of Traffic Signals: One of the important of traffic signals is the cost, especially when a less expensive stop sign will do. The cost of installing and maintaining a traffic signal varies, depending on the state. This device is only to be used in three-Lane traffic intersection1.9 METHODOLOGY
Priority was given to the nature of the junction and how far away they are at different seasons of the year. A lot of design research was carried out on digital logic design and choice of digital families. Data books were consulted to make the most suitable choice of components at the most reasonable cost.
After the design, a market survey was conducted and some components used in the design were not obtainable in the market. Hence, alternative components had to be used and the circuit redesigned. The subsequent stage involves physically realizing the design work, constructing and packaging the entire circuitry on the frame. Finally, he work was given a fine finish and tested.
1.10 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER ONE: The complete chapter one of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter one of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system”consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on“design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” was reviewed.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of a closed loop traffic light control system” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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