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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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DC to DC converter is an electronic circuit which converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. Every electronic system is designed to operate from a supply voltage, which is usually assumed to be constant. A voltage regulator provides this constant DC output voltage and contains circuitry that continuously holds the output voltage at the design value regardless of changes in load current or input voltage, assuming that the load current and input voltage are within the specified operating range for that regulator. In portable systems, the input voltage is often obtained from a battery. DC to DC converter type regulators receive such fixed DC voltage as input and produce the desired voltage as output which could be higher or lower than the input voltage. DC to DC converter accepts a fixed DC input voltage and produces a DC output voltage at a different level than the input.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 TYPES OF DC-TO-DC CONVERTERS
2.3 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2.5 USES OF DC-TO-DC CONVERTERS
2.6 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF DC-TO-DC CONVERTERS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 BILL OF MATERIALS
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY & TESTING
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A DC power supply is used in most of the appliances where a constant voltage is required. DC stands for Direct Current, in which the current flow is unidirectional. The process of DC conversion can be done by DC Converters. The charge carriers in DC supply travel in a single direction. Solar cells, batteries and thermocouples are the sources of DC supply. A DC voltage can produce a certain amount of constant electricity, which becomes weak when it travels further longer. An AC voltage from the generator can change their strength when they travel through a transformer.
A DC to DC converter takes the voltage from a DC source and converts the voltage of supply into another DC voltage level. They are used to increase or decrease the voltage level. This is commonly used automobiles, portable chargers and portable DVD players. Some devices need a certain amount of voltage to run the device. Too much of power can destroy the device or less power may not be able to run the device. The converter takes the power from the battery and cuts down the voltage level, similarly a converter step-up the voltage level. For example, it might be necessary to step down the power of a large battery of 24V to 12V to run a radio.
The converter takes the power from the battery and cuts down the voltage level, similarly a converter step-up the voltage level. For example, it might be necessary to step up the power of a smaller battery of 3.7V to 9V to run a device.
Why do we need DC-DC converter? For example, when we want to use a device with low voltage level, if we connected the device such as laptop or charger directly to the rectified supplied from the socket at home, the device might not functioning properly or it might be broken due to over current or overvoltage. Therefore to avoid unnecessary damage to the equipments and devices, we would need to convert the voltage level to suitable voltage level for the equipments to function properly. In this project, the configuration of DC-DC converter chosen for study was boost configuration. Boost converter converts the DC supply voltage to higher DC output voltage level. The boost converter is suitable for high power application due to the high voltage level at the output. The aim of this study is to convert 3.7V to 9V which can be used to run a device.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Running a dc powered device of 9v when a 3.7v is provided is impossible which the only solution is to buy multiple batteries which can cause much expenses to the user. In other to overcome this problem, a dc-dc converter can be used. A 3.7v – 9v converter can be used which will reduce the cost of buying multiple batteries.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this work is to build a 3.7 – 9v DC-to-DC converter circuit. The objectives are:
- To build a step-up dc –dc converting device of 3.7 – 9v supply.
- To save cost
- To converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another.
- To convert the voltage from Lithium-Ion Battery to 9V.
This device can be used in automobiles, portable chargers and portable DVD players.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scopes of this work focuses on the conversion of a direct current (DC) voltage input from low level to high level. This circuit was built to convert 3.7v to 9v. the boosting process of the circuit was achieved by MC34063A Buck-Boost Converter IC is a monolithic control circuit containing the primary functions required for DC−to−DC converters. The IC consist of an internal temperature compensated reference, comparator, controlled duty cycle oscillator with an active current limit circuit, driver, and high current output switch. The IC was specifically designed to be incorporated in Step−Down and Step−Up and Voltage−Inverting applications with a minimum number of external components.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will serve as an eye opener on how voltage conversions are been carried out. This has exposed me to how DC-to-DC converters are designed to maximize the energy harvest for photovoltaic systems and for wind turbines which are called power optimizers.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Step-down: A converter where the output voltage is lower than the input voltage (such as a buck converter).
Step-up: A converter that outputs a voltage higher than the input voltage (such as a boost converter).
Continuous current mode: Current and thus the magnetic field in the inductive energy storage never reaches zero.
Discontinuous current mode: Current and thus the magnetic field in the inductive energy storage may reach or cross zero.
1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Before carrying out any project, the block diagram must be drawn and fully understood. Block diagram gives a pictorial understanding of any work. The block diagram of the system is as below:|
CHAPTER ONE: The complete chapter one of this work is available. Order full work to download. Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, scope, objective, the need (benefit), limitation and problem, advantages of this work was discussed.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a dc - dc converter" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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