DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DC TO AC INVERTER SYSTEM
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--/H2013/01430
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This is to certify that the research work,"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This project is titled the design and construction of a DC to AC inverter system. It is designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices and in homes in the absence of power supply from the national grid (PHCN). In order words the device / item serves as a substitute for national grid which almost monopolises the power supply to people.
It is designed in such a way that it will take up 12v DC from battery (12V/100AH) and inverts it to an output of 230v, 50Hz AC. It makes no noise during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide is generated in the surrounding.
This work is aimed at designing a 1000w inverter that can be used to power appliances both in homes and industries which is powered with 24v supply.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
It is a well known fact today that electrical power supply is not reliable. All over the world, there is a significant electrical power supply interruption. Because of these electrical power supply interruption, many electrical equipment have either developed problems or even stopped working entirely. Hence this has crippled much business thereby affecting even the economy of many countries as Nigeria. Also there is increase in occurrence of power supply disturbance, which can be viewed as a form of power pollution. High voltage spikes and momentary voltage drops are therefore common. These power disturbance may affect the performance of sensitive equipment in private and corporate organization causing loss of data ad even damage to equipment.
In Nigeria today, it is not an over-statement to talk about the epileptic supply of electrical power. This has become the order of the day such that many Nigeria now view these power outages as “Normal” and part of their daily life. A wide range of factors have been identified for this problem. They include natural disasters, vandalism, maintainability and sustainability and lack of local content. The problem of poor quality power supply cannot be properly addressed without a review of other factors such as lack of political will to invest adequately in power sector, absence of replacement policy resulting in obsolete equipment, unsustainable human capacity building and inadequate reward and remuneration system to motivate human resources team to perform well.
According to the recommendation made by the Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineering (IEEE), the supplies that should be available for use should be continuous, uninterrupted with constant frequency and within the load determine in terms of voltage and current. These requirements have become even more relevant in view of the high sensitivity and sophistication of modern technological equipment in use today.
The progress made in developing alternate source of energy over the last decades has shown that independent power systems are not only possible but also very practical. In fact a wide variety of generating equipment is now available to allow individuals take advantage of just any renewable source of energy, for number of reasons, however, most of these system produce only direct current (DC) and often do so only at low voltages. Nonetheless, it is generally agreed that the greatest and most useful form of current is the Alternating current (AC), since these exist in the vast majority of homes.
Therefore, there arises the need to able to convert Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC) that will be of a constant frequency and also be used to power electrical circuits either in homes or in industries. Such electrical device is called an INVERTER.
An inverter is a power electronics device or apparatus which converts direct current to alternating current, allowing the direct current power from these generators to be used with ordinary a.c appliances and or mixed with the existing electrical grid.
An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (A.C); the converted A.C can at any required voltage and frequencies, with the use of appropriate transformer, switching and control circuit. Inverters are commonly used to supply A.C power from D.C sources such as panels or batteries.
This inverter is designed to provide uninterrupted 220volts a.c supply to the loads connected at its outputs socket. It provide a constant a.c supply to the output socket even when the a.c mains supply is no longer available. When the a.c main supply is available, it goes to the a.c mains sensor, relay and battery charging section of the inverter. This a.c mains sensor informs the relay about the availability of a.c mains supply. When this relay receives a.c mains signals from the main supply, it directly passes the a.c main signals to the inverter output socket.
This project is also written in five chapters. Chapter one contains of the Introduction, Background of the study, the problems statements and the Scope of study . The chapter two contains Literature review discussion. While Chapter three talks about the designing of the inverter and necessary derivation on the design circuit, and calculations. Chapter four contain the information on the result obtain, and the principle of operation of the inverter. Finally, Chapter five is the Conclusion and Recommendation.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE
AIM
The main aim of this work is to build a 1KVA inverter which can be powered from a 12V battery.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of the study are:
- To build the prototype model of an inverter.
- to change direct current (24VDC) to alternating current (220VAC) which can be used to power appliances both in Houses and industries.
- To provide a means of solving power generation problem in our country.
- To provide a noiseless source of electricity power generation.
To provide a source of electricity power with low maintenance cost and
zero fuel cost.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
If there is one factor that has perpetually maintained the status of Nigeria as a less developed country, it is its electricity sector. Till date, many households and industrial businesses cannot be guaranteed of 24 hours supply of electricity from the National grid. At this stage of Nigeria’s social and economic development, the country cannot deliver sufficient energy to the citizens despite huge financial resources that have been expended in the sector.
Rather, Nigerians have continued to rely on electricity generators for their power supply, fuel marketers are taking significant portion of households’ institutions of learning and businesses’ incomes to supply power, noise pollution from regular humming generators have become integral part of living for many Nigerians with imaginable consequences on their health. Our institution is not immune to the aforementioned problems of Nigeria’s power sector, which has led to increase in day to day running cost of the university. Because of these problems, there is a need to design and construct an inverter for the department of electrical and electronics, federal university of technology to complement or augment the electricity supply from the National grid, reduce cost of energy consumed and eliminate noise/environmental pollution that is associated with running of generator.
This project covers the design and construction of 2.5KVA inverter with the following stages - Power Supply unit, Inverting unit, Power transformer unit, triggering unit. The scope of this project is primarily to show how the low voltage D.C power supplied is used to energize the circuit. It will also show how the inverter units convert the low voltage D.C into a low voltage A.C in form of square wave. The triggering unit provides the trigging pulse needed by MOSFET to operate.
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the inverter was constructed and tested as per the required load and it is working well. The construction of the 2.5KVA power inverter has shown that there could be a clean alternative source of electricity to the supply from the mains. It brings about a solution to the lingering problems in the power industry especially for domestic uses.
The completed project has the capability of carrying maximum load of 800W which means it has an improved efficiency. It is noiseless, since input voltage is high i.e. 24V the inverter can run non-stop for about 8hours. The completed problem also has a problem of not able to carry appliances above its rated current and also a high-cost problem.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
Despite the limitations of this project, the project is recommended for use in homes and offices where there is power outage. Since it is a form of standby power or substitute due to its high efficiency.
And also, the school should encourage students, and group them in large numbers so that in subsequent times an inverter that could power the whole School of Engineering can be built. More awareness is also needed about the power inverter as many consumers do not know about the power inverters and always go for the noisy generators.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system"consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of"design and construction of a dc to ac inverter system" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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