This project is on design and construction of a Modified sinewave inverter incorporated with battery charger. A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling, are dependent on the design of the specific device or circuitry.
Power inverter device or circuit will require a relatively stable DC power source capable of supplying enough current for the intended overall power handling of the inverter. Possible DC power sources include: rechargeable batteries, DC power supplies operating off of the power company line, and solar cells. The inverter does not produce any power, the power is provided by the DC source. The inverter translates the form of the power from direct current to an alternating current waveform.
The level of the needed input voltage depends entirely on the design and purpose of the inverter. In many smaller consumer and commercial inverters a 12V DC input is popular because of the wide availability of powerful rechargeable 12V lead acid batteries which can be used as the DC power source.
The aim of this inverter is construct a modified sinewave inverter with an inbuilt automatic charger- which can charger an acid lead rechargeable battery and at same time turn-turn off the charger or stop charging the battery whenever the battery charge fully.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective of the project
1.2 Significance of the project
1.3 scope of the project
1.5 purpose of the project
1.6 limitation of the project
1.7 types of inverter
1.8 project work organization
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Review of history of an inverter
2.2 Review of how to choosing the right inverter
2.3 Review of the difference between sine wave and modified sine wave inverter.
2.4 Review of inverter capacity
2.5 Safety of inverter
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Construction
3.1 Basic designs of an inverter
3.2 Block diagram of the system
3.3 system operation
3.4 circuit diagram
3.5 circuit description
3.6 Description of components used
3.7 How to Choose A Right Inverter And Battery
3.8 How to choose the best inverter battery
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 Construction Procedure and Testing
4.1 Casing and Packaging
4.2 Assembling of Sections
4.3 Testing of System Operation
4.4 Cost Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 References
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
All modern engineering system include certain aspects of control systems at some point in their broadcast sense, control engineering and the associated theory are concerned with the means by which systems may be made to behave an a desired way.
The system on this thesis is a DC – AC converter, which is an apparatus which is used for conversion of Direct Current to Alternating Current or signal.
In our country, this equipment is not all that in used not because it is not important but because people never give it a thought as per the construction and design.
It is meant, use with a 12v lead acid battery. If it’s in a car for example a suitable output voltage of 220v AC is obtainable.
This output voltage of 220v AC can be used for powering small electrical appliances such as light, electric fans, radio, soldering iron etc.
However, it is worthwhile that AC operated with this appliance is nothing comparable to the AC generated by big generators. This is so because the voltage and power are less in terms of AC generation duration. This appliance is therefore suitable for short time replacement for the real AC generation especially in the remote areas and install where electrical appliances are sold and the need might arise for it to be tested and certified good.
Another main area where this equipment can be of great utility is in communication system, in a situation where there is constant AC power supply failure e.g in offices, DC – AC converter is need and in such cases can be used as a light sources.
Most industries in the country do not make use of DC – AC converter because they are thought to be costly with respect to the task they perform. However, putting into consideration the task this appliance can be used for, it can be concluded that it is cheaper. The construction is simple, cheaper easy to operate and portable. The usefulness of this device and the function cannot to be over emphasize now in our economic situation and also when our power generating authority (NEPA) has been dubbed never expect power always.
In these times when control and monitor a complex field engineering operations have gone computer based, a failure of AC power supply to communication equipment means work stoppage and to some small scale industries a lot of economic and material losses avoidable. To this end, the equipment (DC-AC Converter) is incorporated to an impulse sealer machine which has about 3 sections where the,
First stage is of the dimmer switch with regulates, the rate at which the power flow is needed. The second stage being the main switch(s) which controls the primary side, secondary side of the transformer, the stage 3 comprise of the element made of construction wire which does or finishes the work needed for the machine.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to design and construct an inverter which can be powered from the source of 12V battery which incorporated with battery charger, which is an inbuilt automatic charger- which can charge an acid lead rechargeable battery and at same time turn-turn off the charger or stop charging the battery whenever the battery charge fully. . The battery charger is used to charge 12 volts battery. This inverter is capable of operating a wide variety of loads; electronic and household items including but not limited to TV, VCR, and satellite receiver, computers, and printers.
Specific objectives of this project are as follows:
1. To design and construct a circuit that converts dc power to an ac power for various appliances used in laboratories, theatres and rural areas that is rated 1.5kva.
2. To provide a noiseless source of electricity generation and also power with low maintenance cost and zero fuel cost
3. To have a source of generating electricity that has no negative effect on the environment.
4. To design an automatic battery charging system capable of recharging the battery source when it goes below a threshold value 0f 11V.
5. To design a frequency control circuit that maintains the operation frequency at 50hz even when the frequency tends to shift as a result of low battery.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
It is of high quality and inexpensive; using modified square wave; output correction waveform; relatively stable; suitable for ordinary personal users with TV, fan, lamp, computer, hot pot etc.
The efficiency of an AC is enhanced since the start/stop cycles are eliminated in a DC Inverter AC. The AC does not operate at full power, but still maintains the desired temperature. This is another reason why these ACs can still save energy even if there are regular power outages. Inverter ACs are cheaper to operate in almost all types of conditions.
Quicker cooling or heating (based on feature availability) can be achieved since an inverter AC can pull the required current on its own to increase initial cooling or heating. The inverter AC can calculate the current draw by using the indoor and outdoor temperature difference.
DC Inverter ACs don’t put extra load on its power supply. Therefore you don’t see fluctuations in electricity caused by them.
The life of components (used in the AC and other electrical household components) is increased due to the same reason i.e. gentle power draw.
DC Inverter ACs are much quieter compared to conventional ones. The outdoor unit usually makes far less sound as the unit is operating at a reduced rate.
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Lack of power cannot run the appliances with same power labeled; it’s easy to damage the machine if customers are not familiar with the operation, the user needs to strictly follow the manufacturers’ instructions.
DC Inverter ACs cost more. Even without the dual-mode function, they still come with high price tags.
The built-in circuit becomes far more complex due to multiple conversions from AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct Current) and back to AC (Alternating Current). 3-DC, 4-D or All DC inverter ACs have even more conversions taking place as there are more components working on DC.
Repair costs increase as components are more sophisticated and as a result, more expensive. They require more effort to build or repair.
Response Time: The inverter shall respond to any line voltage variation in 1/2 cycle while operating linear or non-linear loads, with a load power factor of 0.60 of unity. Peak detection of the voltage sine wave shall not be permitted to avoid inaccurate tap switching due to input voltage distortion.
Operating Frequency: The inverter shall be capable of operating at +10% to -15% of the nominal frequency, 50Hz.
Rating: this device shall be rated at kVA.
Access Requirements: The inverter shall have removable panels on the front, rear and sides as required for ease of maintenance and/or repair.
Metering: An input meter is provided to display line voltages.
Ventilation: The inverter isolation transformer shall be designed for convection cooling. If fan cooling is required for the MOSFET used.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry.
inverter takes current from a battery, which is usually 12 Volt Dc, as batteries usually produce DC power, and then after passing this current through a 50Hz processor, it converts it into the normal 220 volt Ac which is commonly used.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to design an electronics device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry.
1.7 TYPES OF INVERTER
Inverters can be categorized the following ways:
Stand-alone (also known as Off-Grid): Used in isolated systems where the inverter draws its DC energy from batteries charged by solar arrays and/or other sources, such as wind turbines, hydro turbines etc. Normally these do not interface in any way with the utility grid, and as such are not required to have anti-islanding protection.
Grid-Tied: These systems match their phase with a utility-supplied sine wave. Grid-tie inverters are designed to shut down automatically upon loss of utility supply (referred to as anti-islanding protection). They do not provide backup power during utility outages. In Ontario, any solar arrays that feed the utility grid (under the FIT/microFIT programs for example), are required to have anti-islanding protection.
Battery Backup: These are special inverters which are designed to draw energy from a battery, manage the battery charge via an onboard charger, and export excess energy to the utility grid. These inverters are capable of supplying AC energy to selected loads during a utility outage, and are required to have anti-islanding protection.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to power inverter. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of power inverter were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of power inverter. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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