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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DIGITAL VOLTMETER USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER 16F877A AND SEVEN SEGMENTS DISPLAY (0-30V)

 

ABSTRACT

This project work is on Digital Voltmeter Using PIC Microcontroller 16F877A. Voltmeters (voltage meter) a device used to measure voltage between given two terminals. Digital voltmeter gives a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) typically, an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage. Apart from the basic usage digital voltmeters are also employed as panel meters for automation systems and robotics. This device is built around a PIC microcontroller based digital voltmeter with seven segment display output . It can measure voltage between 0V to 30V DC. Seven segment units are provided for digital voltmeter display which gives clear visibility of digits from long distance comparing to LCD display.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION

Digital voltmeter is an instrument that measure voltage or voltage drop in a circuit. Digital voltmeter uses solid-state components and display values digitally. Typically, Digital voltmeters (digital volt meters) can be used to locate excessive resistance that may indicate an open circuit or ground. They are also used to identify low voltage or voltage drops that may indicate a poor connection. The positive lead is connected to the circuits positive side and the negative lead is connected to the circuits ground. The digital voltmeters internal resistance is the impedance, which is usually expressed in ohms per volt. This amount is relatively high in order to prevent the device from drawing significant current and disturbing the operation of the circuit being tested. The sensitivity of the Volt meter determines the range of voltages that digital voltmeters can measure.
This digital voltmeters measure voltage from 0 to 30v. Devices typically display between three and seven digits. Some digital voltmeters can capture minimum and maximum voltages called spike readings. Others measure the root mean square (RMS), a range of frequencies, or the signal power in decibels. Digital voltmeters are also used to monitor resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, transistors, and diodes. Benchtop, rack mounted, and handheld devices are commonly available. Battery powered units do not require plug-in power. Digital voltmeters with audibility continuity beep when the probes touch. Devices with analog bar graph capabilities display status readings such as battery power, signal level, and continuity.
Some digital voltmeters interface to computers and include integral monitoring software for applications such as data acquisition. Programmable devices allow users to set values that trigger monitoring routines. Data storage, logging, and removable data storage devices are often available. Some digital voltmeters allow users to adjust the sampling rate or provide internal memory. Others include an auto-ranging feature that automatically adjusts the measurement range. Output options include general-purpose interface bus (GPIB), binary coded decimal (BCD), and digital-to-analog (DA). RS232 is a standard communication protocol for serial ports.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of this work is to design a device that will  numerically display of voltage. In this project, digital voltmeter using pic microcontroller is designed. Digital voltmeter using pic can read voltage from  0-30 volt. This voltmeter can read only DC voltage. Digital AC voltmeter can also be designed using microcontrollers. Digital DC voltmeter is designed to measure DC voltage using PIC16F877A microcontroller.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Digital voltmeters display the value of ac or dc voltage being measured directly as discrete numerical instead of a pointer deflection on a continuous scale as in analog instruments. The advantages of digital voltmeter are as follows:

  • It has Low power consumption
  • It is more accurate than analog voltmeter.
  • Voltmeter reduce reading and interpolation errors.
  • The 'auto-polarity' function can prevent problems from connecting the meter to a test circuit with the wrong polarity.
  • Parallax errors are eliminated. Digital voltmeter displays have no moving parts. This makes them free from wear and shock failures.
  • The reading speed is increased as it is easier to read.
  • Unlike analog voltmeter, zero adjustment is not required.
  • Digital output is suitable for further processing or recording and can be useful in a rapidly increasing range of computer controlled applications.
  • Portable size makes it easy to carry anywhere.
  • They cause less meter loading effects on the circuits being tested.
  • Some advanced digital voltmeter has microprocessors and can store the readings for further processing. They have very high input impedance.

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Digial volmeter using pic microcontroller is designed in this project. Digital volmeter is used to measure voltage of any circuit. It can measure voltage between 0-30v with precision of ±5  percent.  PIC16F877A microcontroller is used in this project to measure voltage by doing signal conditioning of measured voltage. Seven segment is used to display resistance value.

1.5                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

          • The seven segment display depends on a battery or external power source. When the battery is low, the display will be dim, making it difficult to read.
          • In case of fluctuations or transients, it can record an error.
          • It can only measure voltage from 0v to 30v dc.

 

 

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