BY
EGBUDIWE INNOCENT .N
EE/2007/181
BEING A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE ENUGU.
AUGUST 2017
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this work was carried out by, EGBUDIWE .N. INNOCENT of the department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Caritas University Amorji-nike, Enugu.
___________________ Date: _____________
Engr. E.C. Aneke
Project Supervisor
___________________ Date: ________________
Engr. C.O Ejimofor
Head of Department
__________________ Date: ________________
External supervisor
DEDICATION
The work is dedicated to the almighty God who with all his conglomerate efforts made my dream come true.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My Profound gratitude goes to God Almighty who gave me good health and the strength throughout the period of this project. To my parents and siblings, I say a very big thank you for your financial and moral support during and after the completion of this project.
The door alarm system is an electronic device that can be used as a security device. It is an electronic watch dog, because when installed to a door, and somebody touches the door, it sounds an alarm. The unit is built from discrete semi conductor device. It is relatively simple in both its operation and analysis. One particular feature of this project circuit (the door alarm system) is its versatility. The circuit can be adapted for other applications. All the Information necessary for its realization is contained in this project write-up. Chapter one contains the introduction to the door alarm system, Chapter two contains the circuit analysis and component review, Chapter three contains the research and methodology adopted, Chapter four contains the design and construction while the work was concluded with Chapter five.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Certification - - - - - - - - i
Dedication - - - - - - - - - ii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - iii
Abstract - - - - - - - - - iv
Table of content - - - - - - - - v
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction - - - - 1
1.2 Background of the study - 1
1.3 Objective of the project - - - - - 1
1.4 Purpose of the project- - - - - - - 4
1.5 Application of the project - - - - - 4
1.6 Description of system block -----5
1.6.1 The D.C Power Supply Unit -----5
1.6.2 The Touch Point Unit -----5
1.6.3 The Transistor Switching Unit -----5
1.6.4 The Load Power Control Unit -----5
1.6.5 The Alarm Sounder Unit -----5
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - - 5
2.2 door alarm System - - - - - - 5
2.3 Types of touch activated alarm System - - - - 5
2.4 The D.C. Power Supply Unit - - - - 6
2.5 The Touch Point Unit - - - - - - 7
2.6 The Monostable Multivibrator Unit - - - 8
2.7 The Transistor Switching Unit - - - - 9
2.8 The Load Power Control Unit - - - - 11
2.9 The Alarm Sounder Unit - - - - - 12
2.10 Component Review - - - - - - 13
2.10.1 Transformer - - - - - - - 14
2.10.2 Diode - - - -- - - - - 16
2.10.3 Capacitor - - - -- - - - 17
2.10.4 Resistor - - - - - - - - 21
2.10.5 Silicon Controlled Rectifier - - - - - 23
2.10.6 555Timer IC - - - - - - - 25
2.10.7 Transistor - - - - - - - 30
2.10.8 Switch - - - - - - - - 33
2.10.9 Piezo Buzzer - - - - - - - 33
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 RESEARCH / METHODOLOGY - - - - 35
3.2 Design Philosophy - - - - - - 35
3.3 Design Approach - - - - - - - 35
3.4 Design Procedure- - - - - - - 36
3.5 Circuit Principle of Operation - - - - 38
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION - - - - 40
4.1.1 Selection of the Transformer - - - - 40
4.1.2 Selection of the Diodes - - - - - 40
4.1.3 Selection of the Capacitor - - - - - 41
4.2 Design of the Power Supply Unit - - - - 42
4.3 Design of the Monostable Multivibrator - - - 42
4.4 Design of the Switching Unit - - - - 43
4.5 Design of the Load Power Control Unit - - - 45
4.6 Design of the Alarm Sounder Unit - - - 45
4.7 Construction of the Project - - - - - 46
4.7.1 Construction of the Main Electronic Circuit - - 46
4.7.2 Construction of the Casing - - - - - 47
4.3 Testing and Result - - - - - - 47
4.4 Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation - 48
4.4.1 Cost Analysis - - - - - - - 48
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 50
5.2 Recommendation - - - - - - - 50
5.3 References - - - - - - - - 51
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
The door alarm system is an electronic system that gives an audible alarm when the door knob it is connected to, is touched. If the door is the metal type then it will sound an alarm whenever any part of the door is touched. For the wooden door, the door alarm system is connected to the door handle, and hence, sounds an alarm only when the door handle is touched. The door alarm system is represented by a block diagram below. It consists of a d. c. power supply unit, touch point, monostable multivibrator unit, latching unit, electronic switching unit and the alarm sounder unit.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Since the 1950’s there has been a great upsurge in the development, production and applications of semi conductor devices. Today there are well over 100 million semi-conductor devices manufactured in a year. These figures alone indicate how important semi-conductor devices have become to man both for home and industrial applications. In fact, the present day advancement in technology is largely attributed to the widespread use of semi-conductor devices in the commercial and industrial fields. One major field of application of semi-conductor devices in the recent years has been in security systems. These security systems are electronic systems used as deterrent to intruders, burglars, thieves and unauthorized person in a place or places where they are installed. They alert the installer of the presence of the above mentioned persons. One can be alerted by means of audible alarm, siren, bell, e.t.c. or by visual means. One example of such security system is the door alarm system which is the focus of this project work.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective is to construction an electronic circuit that acts as a watch dog. It is used to protect a door when it is on; it sounds an alarm when the door is touched. The door alarm system is an electronic system because it consists of two or more circuit units of different functions working together to achieve a desired performance or goal.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The door alarm system circuit was designed to the sound on alarm when the touch point is touched by a human being making contact with the earth.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE DEVICE
The door alarm system finds application in the following arrears;
1. It can be used as a bugler alarm.
2. It can be used as an intruder alarm.
3. It can be modify for use as a tap door bell.
1.5 DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK
i) THE DC POWER SUPPLY UNIT: The power provides the energy needed by the internal electronic circuitry for operation.
ii) THE TOUCH POINT UNIT: The touch point unit is the door knob or handle that sends the triggering pulse to the monostable multivibrator when touched.
iii) THE TRANSISTOR SWITCHING UNIT: This unit sends the gate triggering current to the gate of the silicon controlled rectifier when activated by the output pulse from the monostable multivibrator.
iv) THE LOAD POWER CONTROL UNIT: The load power control unit connects or disconnects the alarm sounder device when activated or deactivated respectively. It controls power flow to the buzzer.
v) THE ALARM SOUNDER UNIT: The alarm sounded unit gives an audible sound to indicate that the touch point has been touched.
1.5 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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