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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!

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Aim: This main aim of this work is to build a simple fire alarm. Fire alarm is an electronics device that is stored in a building to detect the presence of fire accident. An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion.
Method: The device was first built on a breadboard which is later transfer to vero board and soldered.
Result: The device was completely build and coupled, the result during the test shows that the fire alarm was able to respond to its operation when smoke is brought close to the sensor
Conclusion and Recommendation: At the end of this project – fire alarm device was built and tested. This type of device is important because there is always risk of fire accident in our environment.

Cover page
ii. Certification
iii. Dedication
iv. Acknowledgement
v. Abstract:

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study
2. Problem Statement
3. Hypothesis/Research Questions
4. Objective of Study
5. Significance of Study
6. Scope of Study
7. Limitations of Study
8. Definitions of terms

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1    Review of Related works
2.2    Contribution to Knowledge
2.3    Proposed system’s Theories
2.4    Expected Results from Hardware &Software
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 Material Parts List
3.2Hardware Design Methods
3.3 Software Design Methods
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS/ANALYSIS
4.1 Testing of Hardware and software
4.2 Hardware Result/analysis
4.3 Software result/analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,CONCLUSION AND RECONMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings. But in a case whereby fire alarm is installed that means everyone in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action. The same thing can also happen to our offices and industries. In order to notify residence of any building in the presence of fire accident, a fire alarm system is used.
An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. A fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.

1.1                                      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
The very first fire alarm system was invented by Dr. William F. Channing and Moses Farmer in 1852, and their original design was two fire alarm boxes, each containing a telegraphic key with a handle attached. When someone detected a fire, they would crank the handle, which would then relay the details of the fire alarm box number to a central alarm station. The operator at the station would receive the message, which would then be forwarded to the fire department.
Francis Robbins Upton was the man responsible for designing the first electric fire alarm, but when he patented the design in 1890, the patenting office mistakenly recorded it as the “Portable Electric Tire Alarm”. Oh dear!
Although the design was largely unpopular at first and received little attention, it soon became apparent that the need for this device was growing.

The alarms of today

It wasn’t until the 21st century that modern day systems were introduced and with the introduction of the British Standards Specifications Alarm Systems are more and more vital to business and everyday life.
Here at Silver Group, we understand the individual needs of every client and with our BAFE (British Approvals for Fire Equipment) accreditation, it means that not only do we design, supply and install a system that’s based on the origins of the ‘very need’ for Fire alarms, but one that’s tailored to your particular needs.
The feeling of total security in both home and business can’t be measured in pounds and pence or dollars and cents. Knowing that if the worst happens and a fire breaks out, you, your family, your colleagues and the possessions inside the building are given the best advantage possible must surely rate high on your ‘must have’ list.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT
The Thermister based commercial Flame sensors have a drawback because, the alarm sounds only when the Thermister turns hot by the nearby flame. That means, the alarm sounds only after the room is full of fire. But this circuit overrides that drawback. It uses a Photodiode as Fire sensor. It sounds the alarm even if the flame is far away. Interestingly, the spark of the first fire burst can activates the alarm. It can be installed in Home, Commercial shops etc. It is battery operated and in the standby state the current consumption is as low as 5mA. So Simple, Efficient, and Low cost.

1.3                  AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to construct a device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. The objectives are:

1. To evaluate the operation of fire alarm by using photodiode as the smoke sensor
2. To detect the presence of fire outbreak via alarm
3. To protect live and property

1.3                                   HYPOTHESIS/RESEARCH QUESTION
Hypothesis
Hi: There is a significant relationship between photodiode and smoke
Ho: There is no significant relationship between photodiode and smoke
Research Question

1. What is a fire alarm used for?
2. Is a fire alarm the same as a smoke detector?
3. What is the working principle of fire alarm system?
4. How is photodiode used in smoke detectors?
5. Which sensor is used in fire alarm?
6. Which diode is used in alarm circuit?

1.4                                           PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
Fire is one of the most costly causes of damage and loss of life in a facility. Fire alarm system supervises the facility for smoke and heat in the installed environment. The purpose of this work is to design a device that does such function.

1.5                                       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This study will help the reader to understand the importance of fire alarm in a building and to know how fire alarm can be used to protect lives and properties.
With this study, the reader shall be able to learn the application and operation of a photodiode used in the circuit.

1.6                             SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this study covers the used of photodiode as the smoke sensor in a circuit. This sensor is not only sensitive to smoke, but also it detects object movement.
The system uses a 9v-battery, as a result of that it tends to stop working whenever the battery discharges.

1.7                                 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Fire: Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products
Fire accident: this is an accident caused by fire which can result in serious injury and damage to personal property.

Photodiode: A photodiode is a semiconductor p-n junction device that converts light into an electrical current

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a fire alarm system using photo diode" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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