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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work,"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!

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This paper presents the design and construction of gas monitoring system. Gas leakage is a major concern at homes, offices, industries etc. Many homes and industries had fallen victims of inferno due to unknown Gas leakage at a hidden point. This is dangerous and requires high security to avoid life and property being destroyed. One of the preventive measures to avoid the danger associated with gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detector at vulnerable locations, hence SMS-based is proposed. The system is designed to prevent loss/death to occur through gas leakages and hence promote safety of life and property. The system consists of hardware and software; all were designed, built, programmed, and integrated. The program codes written using Embedded C-language and system test carried out to ensure optimum performance. The time it takes the user to receive an SMS from the system control unit when Gas leakage is detected is also checked and tested for accuracy to ensure prompt delivery of the early warning message of the system.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract

Chapter 1: Introduction
•          Introduction to the Gas Monitoring System
•          Background and context of the project
•          Statement of the problem
•          Objectives of the project
•          Scope and limitations
•          Significance of the study

Chapter 2: Literature Review
•          Overview of gas monitoring and detection
•          Types of gases and their hazards
•          Existing gas monitoring technologies
•          Sensor technologies and their applications
•          Wireless communication in gas monitoring systems
•          Safety regulations and standards

Chapter 3: Materials and Methods
•          System architecture and components (block diagram)
•          Selection of gas sensors and sensor calibration (materials used)
•          Data acquisition and processing
•          Design of the user interface (circuit diagram)
•          Wireless communication and data transmission (e.g network provider)
•          Power source and energy efficiency
•          Testing and validation methods
•    Budget/cost of materials(please work with 197k)

Chapter 4: Implementation/ Results and Findings
•          Hardware design and components
•          Software development(this has to do with the codings I.e programming language)
•          Integration of sensors and communication modules(e.g SIM MODULES)
•          User interface design and functionality(simulation using proteus)
•          Power management and efficiency
•          Testing and quality assurance
•          Presentation of experimental data
•          Evaluation of system performance
•          Comparison with existing systems
•          Discussion of challenges and limitations
•          Future improvements and enhancements
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO THE GAS MONITORING SYSTEM
In our daily life, the environment and its condition is very important for our health as it will impact the quality of life for all of earth’s inhabitants. Consequently, the issues from environment and the air quality in industrial area are discussed to increase the alertness and responsibility regarding the environment towards public and workers’ health. The dangerous gases such as CH4, and CO will bring harmful effect towards human as they may cause explosions and CO poisoning accident in most industrial areas (Xia et al., 2012).
Thus, a gas detector is invented to ease human on detecting the presence of those dangerous gases within an area to prevent disaster happen. Nowadays, the gas detector has been innovated into various ways of detection, for example infrared thermal imaging gas leak detection, gas leakage detection with monitoring system, and wireless gas sensor network (Xia et al., 2012).

• BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT OF THE PROJECT

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling as a mixture of commercial propane and commercial butane having saturated as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons which is highly flammable chemical. It is an odourless gas to which Ethane oil is added as powerful odourant so  that leakage can be easily detected (Xia et al., 2012). Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in homes/Industries filled in cylindrical vessels of various capacities for heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. Because of the versatile nature of LPG, it is used for many needs such as domestic fuel, industrial fuel, automobile fuel, heating, illumination etc. and the demand for LPG is on an increase day by day. The liquefied petroleum gas is finding wide usage in our homes, industries and in automobiles as fuel because of its desirable properties which include high calorific value, produces less soot, produces very less smoke and does not cause much harm to the environment.
LPG burns to produce clean energy; however there is a serious threat about their leakages. The gases being heavier than air do not disperse easily and may lead to suffocation when inhaled; also the leaked gases when ignited may lead to explosion. LPG has become a widespread energy source because it's highly combustible, which means that it can produce large amounts of heat when small amount is burnt [2]. Consequently, a natural gas leaks can increase the risk of fire and explosion since it spreads quickly and combusts easily. An electrical spark or fire source can set this off if you have a leak in your house. The number of deaths due to the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years.
Before the development of electronic household gas detectors in the 1980s and 1990s, gas presence was detected with a chemically infused paper that changed its color when exposed. Since then, many technologies and devices have been developed to detect, monitor, and alert the leakage of a wide array of gases (Meenakshi et al., 2014). Today, sensors have a high sensitivity to a wide gases variety; they are very compact in sizes and have significantly reduced their power consumption to adapt better portable solutions (Al-li, 2014). Building a system with a gas sensor is not as easy as it could appear. As an example the internal elements of a sensor such as heater and gas sensitive resistors have to be constantly kept under control to avoid failures leading to a wrong alarm indication. The detector can be used to trigger alarms if a specified concentration of the gas or vapour is exceeded. This can provide an early warning of a problem and help to ensure people’s safety. However, a detector does not prevent leaks occurring or indicate what action should be taken (Al-li, 2014).
LPG and Gas sensors are employed in a wide range of applications in the fields of safety, health, and instrumentation. Common examples are domestic or commercial alarms for explosive and toxic gases or in automotive application as gas leakage detectors for LPG powered cars and exhausts detectors inside any fuel powered truck or car. Such sensors, nowadays, are found also in applications involving air quality control systems and pollution monitoring [4].
Some people have low sense of smell, may or may not respond on low concentration of gas leakage. In such a case, gas leakage security systems become an essential and help to protect them from gas leakage accidents. But with this device little volume of gas leakage can be detected (Mohamad, 2019).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Gas leakage in home and industrial area causes many health issues and accident. Thus, to prevent such disasters happen, the atmosphere of a workplace should be regularly monitored and controlled, in order to maintain the clean air environment.
However, efforts in industrial air quality control have been impeded by the lack of science-based approaches to identify and assess atmosphere air quality and level of dangerous gas.
Therefore, a monitoring system for gas leakage detection needs to be developed. For the development of this system, the combustible gas sensor (MQ9) was used in order to detect the present of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide gas (CO).

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this study is to build a monitoring device that detects gas leakage.
The objectives are:

• To build a prototype model of the system
• To supply a completely unique means for safely detecting any malfunction of a pressurized facility so as to stop accumulation of combustible gases in order that damage or explosion tanks to such an accumulation of gases is prevented.
• To increase home security

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The scope of this work covers building an arduino Based hazardous gas leakage detection system which catalogues and categorizes the content of the feedback as positive and negative and consequently indicates whether gas leakage is there or not in the gas stored environment. It can extensively be used to detect fire breakouts in buildings, hotels, hospitals and industries or other public places. MQ-6 Gas sensors are generally used to detect or measure presence of gases like LPG and butane. The proposed system will continuously monitor the environment for any leakage. This device requires steady power supply for effect operation. That means that it will become inactive if the mains power supply fails or the battery goes low.

• The Sensor requires quarterly calibration and do not have a long life.
• For the email alert, the user must have internet facility

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This device detects combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.

• Provides benefit to monitor the condition of a room or environment in a safe distance.
•  It sends gas leakage alert SMS to given number.
• In design of this device, quick response is achieved.
• Construction is easy.
• Easy to maintain and repair.
• Comparatively the operation cost is less. Design is efficient and low cost.
• Power consumption is low.

  Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations
  This system is designed and implemented using MQ-9 Gas sensor and embedded Arduino microcontroller. Test was conducted to verify if the sensor can trigger the controller when it senses presence of gas through ionization. From the test, gas detector senses the presence of gas leakage and an SMS alert sent to the service station or to the owner of the premises. The message is sent within some seconds delay due to network and can be sent anywhere in the country for further action to be taken to stop gas leakage at its initial state. The embedded message it would always send is “Gas Leakage At Home (Attention required)”. Using this method, the Buzzer sounds an alarm incase there is occurrence of the fire incident. This has proved that the system like this is a beneficial and effective type for homes/industries. However, a cost-effective gas leakage detection and alarming system was proposed, designed and successfully implemented.
  5.2                                                  RECOMMENDATIONS
  The device (gas monitoring system) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
  This project was built for Educational purposes. If one wants to use it for industrial or home applications, I recommend that a hook should be attached to the casing that would allow fixing the system on the wall.
  Working on this topic (gas monitoring system) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of"design and construction of a gas monitoring system" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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