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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED FINGERPRINT VOTING MACHINE

BY

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EE/H2007/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work,"design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.

By
Engr. ---                                                     Engr. ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
 Engr. ---
External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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The heart of democracy is voting. The heart of voting is trust that each vote is recorded and tallied with accuracy and impartiality. The accuracy and impartiality are tallied in high rate with biometric system. Among these biometric signs, fingerprint has been researched the longest period of time, and shows the most promising future in real-world applications. Because of their uniqueness and consistency over time, fingerprints have been used for identification over time. However, because of the complex distortions among the different impression of the same finger in real life, fingerprint recognition is still a challenging problem. Fingerprint Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is a simple electronic device used to record votes in place of ballot papers and boxes which were used earlier in conventional voting system. Fundamental right to vote or simply voting in elections forms the basis of democracy. All earlier elections be it state elections or centre elections a voter used to cast his/her favorite candidate by putting the stamp against his/her name and then folding the ballot paper as per a prescribed method before putting it in the Ballot Box. This is a long, time-consuming process and very much prone to errors. This situation continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic voting machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. all this condensed into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic voting machine. Because biometric identifiers cannot be easily misplaced, forged, or shared, they are considered more reliable for person recognition than traditional token or knowledge based methods. So the Electronic voting system has to be improved based on the current technologies viz., biometric system.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                     INTRODUCTION

		Voting machines are the total combination of mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic equipment (including software, firmware, and documentation required to program control, and support equipment), that is used to define ballots; to cast and count votes; to report or display election results; and to maintain and produce any audit trail information. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic voting machines. A voting system includes the practices and associated documentation used to identify system components and versions of such components; to test the system during its development and maintenance; to maintain records of system errors or defects; to determine specific changes made after initial certification; and to make available any materials to the voter (such as notices, instructions, forms, or paper ballots). Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the system uses to cast votes and further categorized by the location where the system tabulates the votes. Voting machines have different levels of usability, security, efficiency and accuracy. Certain systems may be more or less accessible to all voters, or not accessible to those voters with certain types of disabilities. They can also have an effect on the public's ability to oversee elections. Electronic voting systems may offer advantages compared to other voting techniques. An electronic voting system can be involved in any one of a number of steps in the setup, distributing, voting, collecting, and counting of ballots, and thus may or may not introduce advantages into any of these steps. Moreover it is also important that a false entry should not be made so for this one of the most secure methods for voting is using a biometric sensor like a fingerprint reader. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and verify their identity. Fingerprint recognition or fingerprint authentication refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. in this project we will be using a fingerprint reader for providing access to the voter as well as making a  log if the person has voted or not. 1.1                                 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Voting theory formally began in the 18th century and ever since, many proposal has been made towards using electronic technologies to improve elections (Sobia, Ummer, Ayesha, Usman, and Hassan, 2011). One of the essential features of democracy is Election, democracy encourages individual’s freedom with respect to the rule of law, so that individuals can express their opinion the way they wish, giving individuals the opportunity to decide their leaders, and uninhibitedly express their feelings on issues. Because of the All-inclusive Affirmation of Human Rights in the year 1948 that puts import on compelling circumstance of free elections, countries focused on an improved and new voting process that are of significance to the election processes in the 21st century (Salomonsen, 2005). Election is the process that enables individuals to choose their delegates and express their fellings on the way they will be administered (Kohno, Rubin, Stubblefield & Wallach, 2003), (Malkawi, Khasawneh & Al-Jarrah, 2009) and (Ashok & Ummal, 2011). Nigerian election process has been done manually (voting for local and general elections done by electors with ballot papers and ballot boxes in which the papers are placed) since returned to democratic rule in the year 1999, the manual voting process was associated with a lot of problems and always resulted to post-election violence (Yekini, Oyeyinka, Oludipe & Lawal, 2012). In Federal University of Technology, Minna, voting system is of two main categories, Manual Voting System (MVS) and Electronic Voting System (EVS). The Manual Voting System (MVS) involves presenting eligible student with a list of contestants on a paper called ballot paper, to mark against their favorite contestants and place the ballot paper in a box called ballot box, this system of voting is used for Faculty and Department election processes in the University. Manual voting system has some disadvantages, which include possibility of placing the ballot paper in the wrong ballot box, votes counting problem, loss of time when there happens to be some objections, paper printing and expenditures done for personnel, for these reasons, it is necessary to use the new technologies to make the election system faster, economic and trustable because the trust that every vote will be tallied and recorded correctly is the foundation of a genuine democracy (Ademand & Metin, 2011). The Electronic Voting System (EVS) involves presenting eligible student with a list of contestants on a computer, to select against their favorite contestants, this system of voting is used for Student Union Government (SUG) election in the University. The improvement of information and communications technologies has allow for a completely computerised election process whereby counting of vote are carried out in real time, that the results are automatically out by the end of elections day (Rubin, 2002). 1.2                                                  ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT Prevents unauthorized use or access.  • Adds a higher level of security to an identification process • Eliminates the burden and bulk of carrying id cards or remembering pins. • Heightens overall confidence of business processes dependent on personal identification.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of voting is to allow voters to exercise their right to express their choices regarding specific issues, pieces of legislation, citizen initiatives, constitutional amendments, recalls and/or to choose their government and political representatives. This system improves the security performance in the voting machine as well as provide easy access to cast the vote by using finger print.
Technology is being used more and more as a tool to assist voters to cast their votes. To allow the exercise of this right, almost all voting systems around the world include the following steps:
·         Voter identification and authentication
·         Voting and recording of votes cast
·         vote counting
·         Publication of election results

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This project is very used to improve the security performance in the voting machine. In this project, finger print is used as vote ID card. Now day's some person makes the duplicate vote ID card. But in this project human finger print is used for caste the vote. So this project improves the security performance and avoid forgery vote because naturally one human finger print is different from other human.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project is designed for electronic voting machine by using the fingerprint identification method.
• Here voter’s thumb impressions are used for identification.
• During voting when the voter places his/her thumb on the scanner, the system will check whether it matches with pre stored impressions in the database.
• If it matches then system will allow the voter to poll his vote and otherwise prevent the voter from polling

1.6                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is design a device that will allow voters to exercise their right to express their choices regarding specific issues.  In a democracy, a government is chosen by voting in an election, a way for an electorate to elect, i.e. choose, among several candidates for rule.
1.7                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Limitation of this particular project talks about the disadvantages of using the device. This device has no different than websites or software;

• They can be penetrated and altered by a hacker.

 • Overall cost is high, physical tampering could be possible.
• Computer software and systems can have problems that may delay or even halt voting.

1.8                          PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a fingerprint voting machine. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a fingerprint voting machine were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a fingerprint voting machine. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

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CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"consist of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"consist of the methodology"design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine". In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"consist of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine"consist of conclusion, recommendation and references of"design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint voting machine".

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