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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED FOUR QUADRANT SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Speed control of a machine is the most vital and important part in any industrial organization. This paper is designed to develop a four quadrant speed control system for a DC motor using microcontroller. The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake. It also has a feature of speed control. The four quadrant operation of the dc motor is best suited for industries where motors are used and as per requirement they can rotate in clockwise, counter-clockwise and also apply brakes immediately in both the directions. In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the motor needs to be stopped immediately. In such scenario, this proposed system is very apt as forward brake and reverse brake are its integral features. Instantaneous brake in both the directions happens as a result of applying a reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period and the speed control of the motor can be achieved with the PWM pulses generated by the microcontroller. The microcontroller used in this project is from 8051 family. Push buttons are provided for the operation of the motor which are interfaced to the microcontroller that provides an input signal to it and controls the speed of the motor through a motor driver IC. The speed and direction of DC motor has been observed on digital CRO. Microcontroller programming has been written in assembly language by using notepad and it has been converted in hex file by using micro vision Kiel. The burning of programming in the 8051 microcontroller chip has been done by using positron boot loader software.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
- REVIEW OF A MOTOR CONTROLLER
- APPLICATIONS MOTOR CONTROLLER
- TYPES OF MOTOR CONTROLLER
- DESCRIPTION OF 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
- 8051 MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- FOUR QUADRANT OPERATION OF DC MOTOR
- COMPLETE DRIVE SYSTEM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
- SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
- SYSTEM FLOW CHART
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
DC machines play a very important role in industries and in our daily life. The outstanding advantage of DC machines is that they offer easily controllable characteristics. This paper is designed to develop a four quadrant speed control system for a DC motor using microcontroller. The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake. It also has a feature of speed control.
The four quadrant operation of the dc motor is best suited for industries where motors are used and as per requirement they can rotate in clockwise, counter-clockwise and also apply brakes immediately in both the directions. In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the motor needs to be stopped immediately. In such scenario, this proposed system is ver y apt as forward brake and reverse brake are its integral features. In this work the concept of four quadrant speed control i.e. clockwise movement, anticlockwise movement, instantaneous forward braking and instantaneous reverse braking of a dc motor with the help of microcontroller through motor driver (L293D) has been proposed.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to develop a four quadrant speed control system for a DC motor using microcontroller. The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Motor can be operated at various speeds based on the requirement of the application using motor speed control techniques. To achieve DC motor speed control, we need to interface the DC motor with 8051 microcontroller. The four quadrant operation of DC motor such as clockwise rotation, anti-clockwise rotation, forward braking operation, and reverse braking operation can be performed using 8051 microcontroller based circuits.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
But in some practical applications, motors are required to operate both in a clockwise direction, anti-clockwise direction, reverse braking, forward braking conditions. These modes of operation of DC motors can be achieved using four quadrant DC motor speed control with microcontroller.
The project is useful to be used in industries for moving motors in both directions i.e. clockwise and anti-clockwise and can even apply forward and reverse brakes whenever required.
The brakes functions by applying a reverse voltage in the motor for certain time. The speed is controlled by generating PWM pulses from microcontroller of 8051 family. A pair of push buttons is interfaced to microcontroller which is interfaced to operation motor by motor driver IC. The signals from the button are input to the microcontroller that in turn actuates motors in controlling speed.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to control in clockwise direction, anti-clockwise direction, reverse braking, forward braking conditions.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device is found useful in the following machines:
- electrical DC motors,
- AC motors,
- synchronous motors,
- induction motors,
- stepper motors
1.6 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this works is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, significance, objective, purpose, application of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of design and construction of a microcontroller based four quadrant speed control system consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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