DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MINI PIANO USING 555 TIMERS
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BY
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--/H2013/01430
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SCHOOL OF ---
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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work,"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This project work is mini piano using 555 timers IC. Piano is a musical instrument that produces a tone according to the button being pressed. On the mini-piano, the soundboard and the strings are neatly positioned underneath the keys at the back of the piano, protected by a simple wooden frame to which fabric is attached to prevent dust getting in. When a key is pressed, the action which results in the striking and dampening of the piano wires, results from a mechanism which contrasts to any existing piano made today: a long thin but sturdy metal rod which reaches halfway down the back of the instrument is lifted. This lifting motion causes the piano wires to be struck and then dampened when the key is released as is typical of a traditional piano, at least on those notes which require dampening (on a minipiano, the highest 13 notes are not dampened).
This system is built around 555timer IC. The 555 timer is operated in astable multivibrator mode. In astable multivibrator mode, the circuit produces accurate free running waveforms, which can be adjusted
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF PIANO
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2.3 INVENTION OF THE PIANO
2.4 CHILDREN TOY
2.5 CHOOSING TOYS IN CHILDREN AND RISK RELATED TO TOYS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
4.6 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Sound is a Mechanical Wave as it is delivered by back and forth development of particles of the medium. Relocation of particles are in similar course as propagation of sound waves, so sound is a Longitudinal Wave. The back and forth motion of particles in the medium makes pressure (high pressure) and rarefactions (low pressure) in the medium, so sound is a Pressure Wave.
An Astable Multivibrator is an oscillator circuit that ceaselessly creates rectangular wave without the guide of outside setting off. So Astable Multivibrator is otherwise called Free Running Multivibrator. I have previously posted about Astable Multivibrator utilizing Transistors. Astable Multivibrator utilizing 555 Timer is exceptionally basic, simple to configuration, truly steady and minimal expense. It very well may be utilized for timing from microseconds to hours. Because of these reasons 555 has an enormous number of utilizations and it is a famous IC among hardware specialists.
A tone is a sound which is delivered by a regular vibration. So it has just a single frequency despite the fact that intensity/amplitude can differ. A Loudspeaker is an electronic transducer which switches electric signs over completely to pressure varieties to make the impression of sound. To make this stomach of the loudspeaker will vibrate as per the frequency and amplitude of electric signs. Discernible frequency range of people is from 20Hz to 20KHz, so we will create frequencies in this range utilizing 555 timer and feed it to the loudspeaker.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Toys stimulate concentration levels and enhance attention span and memory of children. In turn, cognitive development during the childhood years improves children's' ability to approach language and math skills in a fun way. Children are always absorbing information from their surroundings with toys, and mini piano is one such toys. Building a mini piano will problem a means of building career path, develop problem-solving skills, foster mental maturity, improve ability to concentrate, promote physical activity of kids.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this work is to build a mini piano using 555 timer. The objectives of the work are:
i. To build the system prototype
ii. To setup an astable multivibrator circuit
iii. To become familiar with electronics components involve.
1.4 SCOPE OF THIS STUDY
The scope of this work covers building a mini piano using 555 timer. This system is built around 555timer IC. The 555 timer is operated in astable multivibrator mode. This circuit consists of a number of push button switches (similar to different keys in a piano) which, when pressed, produce sounds with different tones via a speaker. The frequency of the output tones can also be fine tuned by calculating the precise values of resistors to use.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
This study will serve as a means learning how to make an Electronic Piano circuit using 555 timer IC and become conversant with other electronics components.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Mini pianos are simple circuits that are usually seen in children's toys and doorbells. These circuits produce a musical sound or beep on pressing a pushbutton.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
From the study we can conclude that a tone is a sound which is produced by a regular vibration. So it has only one frequency even though intensity/amplitude can vary. Loudspeaker is one of the electronic transducer which converts electrical signals to pressure variation to produce the sensation of sound. The diaphragm of the speaker will vibrate according to the frequency and amplitude of electrical signals feed to it.
Audible frequency range of humans is from 20Hz to 20KHz, so we are going to generate electrical signals in this range using 555 IC and feed it to the speaker. The 555 timer is operated in Astable multivibrator mode. In Astable mode multivibrator mode, timer produces accurate free running square waveforms without the aid of any external triggers.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
The device (mini piano) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
Working on this topic (mini piano) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of"design and construction of a mini piano using 555 timers"consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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