DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MOTION AND METAL DETECTOR FOR A HOME SECURITY SYSTEM
INSTRUCTIONS: The project work you are about to view is on"design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system'". Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. Our aim of providing this"design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system'" project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for"design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system'" research materials. We are not encouraging any form of plagiarism. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works.
TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MOTION AND METAL DETECTOR FOR A HOME SECURITY SYSTEM
BY
---
EE/H2007/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, XX by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages ( use it to develop yours), Abstract and Chapter one of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system'" visible for everyone, then the complete material on"design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!
Motion detector detects moving objects, particularly people. A motion detector is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area. Motion detectors form a vital component of automated lighting control. Its use is to illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or she can see well. Many people place motion detectors in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF METAL DETECTOR
2.3 REVIEW OF SENSORS AND DETECTORS
2.3 TYPES OF SENSORS AND DETECTORS
2.4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF METAL DETECTORS
2.5 METAL SENSOR COMPONENTS
2.6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE MOTION DETECTOR
2.7 THE ROLE OF SENSORS IN YOUR HOME SECURITY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 COMPONENTS LIST
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING
4.4 TESTING
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The motion detector is not only used as intruder alarm but also used in many applications like home automation system, energy efficiency system, etc. The motion detector will detect the motion of the people or objects and give the appropriate output according to the circuit. In general, motion detector uses different types of sensors like Passive infrared sensor (which will detect the motion of the person using the person body heat), microwave sensor (Microwave sensor will detect the motion of person by measuring the change in frequency from the produced beam), ultrasonic sensor (It produces acoustic signals which will detect the motion of a person) etc.
A metal detector detects the presence of metal nearby. Metal detectors are useful for finding metal inclusions hidden within objects, or metal objects buried underground. They often consist of a handheld unit with a sensor probe which can be swept over the ground or other objects. If the sensor comes near a piece of metal this is indicated by a changing tone in earphones, or a needle moving on an indicator. Usually the device gives some indication of distance; the closer the metal is, the higher the tone in the earphone or the higher the needle goes. Another common type are stationary "walk through" metal detectors used for security screening at access points in prisons, courthouses, and airports to detect concealed metal weapons on a person's body.
Metal detector consists of an oscillator producing an alternating current that passes through a coil producing an alternating magnetic field. If a piece of electrically conductive metal is close to the coil, eddy currents will be induced in the metal, and this produces a magnetic field of its own. If another coil is used to measure the magnetic field (acting as a magnetometer), the change in the magnetic field due to the metallic object can be detected.
Nowadays, the metal detector is used to identify metallic devices such as bombs, guns for security purpose. To avoid any illegal or unauthorized entry of metallic objects, bombs, knives, guns within the luggage bags of the person carrying them in public places like theatres, shopping malls, parks, airports, hotels, railway stations. A security system is developed by using proximity sensor which is named as a metal detector. So, a metal detector is used in many robotic or electronics projects to detect any present metals which are nearby or the existence of hidden items within objects.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
The first motion detector was invented in the early 1950s by Samuel Bango, and which was a burglar alarm. He applied the fundamentals of a radar to ultrasonic waves – a frequency to detect fire or thief and that which human beings cannot hear. Samuel motion detector is based on the principle of Doppler Effect. Nowadays, most of the motion detectors work on the principle of Samuel Bango’s detector. IR sensors and microwave sensors can detect motion by the alterations in the frequencies they emit.
Motion detectors are used as security systems in banks, offices and shopping malls, and also as intruder alarm in home. The prevailing motion detectors can stop serious accidents by sensing the persons who are in close proximity to the detector. We can observe motion detectors in shopping malls or stores with automatic doors. The main element in the motion detector circuit is the dual infrared reflective sensor or any other detecting sensor.
An electronic motion detector contains an optical, microwave, or acoustic sensor, and in many cases a transmitter for illumination. However, a passive sensor only senses a signal emitted by the moving object itself. Changes in the optical, microwave, or acoustic field in the device's proximity are interpreted by the electronics based on one of the technologies listed below. Most inexpensive motion detectors can detect up to distances of at least 15 feet (5 meters). Specialized systems are more expensive but have much longer ranges. Tomographic motion detection systems can cover much larger areas because the radio waves are at frequencies which penetrate most walls and obstructions, and are detected in multiple locations, not just at the location of the transmitter.
Motion detectors have found wide use in domestic and commercial applications. One common application is activation of automatic door openers in businesses and public buildings. Motion sensors are also widely used in lieu of a true occupancy sensor in activating street lights or indoor lights in walkways (such as lobbies and staircases). In such "Smart Lighting" systems, energy is conserved by only powering the lights for the duration of a timer, after which the person has presumably left the area. A motion detector may be among the sensors of a burglar alarm that is used to alert the home owner or security service when it detects the motion of a possible intruder. Such a detector may also trigger a security camera in order to record the possible intrusion.
Metal detectors may use different technologies and come in different shapes and sizes but all of them are used to achieve the same goal. The first industrial metal detectors were developed in the 1960s and were used extensively for mineral prospecting and other industrial applications. Uses include detecting land mines, the detection of weapons such as knives and guns (especially in airport security), geophysical prospecting, archaeology and treasure hunting. Metal detectors are also used to detect foreign bodies in food, and in the construction industry to detect steel reinforcing bars in concrete and pipes and wires buried in walls and floors.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is construct a motion sensor that is use is to illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or she can see well while the metal detector attached detects the presence of metal nearby and is used for finding metal inclusions hidden within objects, or metal objects buried underground.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to have an electronics means of detecting an intruder and nearby object. Many people place motion detectors in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on. While some used metal detector to metal detector to detect hidden metal.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
A motion sensor (or motion detector) is the top dog of your security system, because it is the main device that detects when someone is in your home when they should not be. A motion sensor uses one or multiple technologies to detect movement in an area. If a sensor is tripped, a signal is sent to your security system's control panel, which connects to your monitoring center, alerting you and the monitoring center to a potential threat in your home.
The importance of metal detection follow directly from the reasons for using metal detectors in the first place. By systematically exploiting the advantages of metal detection and rejection with state-of-the-art technology, a manufacturer can invest all its energy to refining its products and developing new ones. They won't have to worry about lawsuits for immaterial damages or about the company's image suffering because of negative headlines.
Modern metal detectors do much more than just sound the alarm on metal particles. They have also become a front line instrument of many quality management systems and SOP protocols. These advanced features include automatic check prompting and rejection monitoring that is now integrated into the production data as is quantity of pieces, number and time of metal-detected messages, detailed fault messages, beginning of recording and detection sensitivity settings. The accumulated data is then sent via an interface (provided with the metal detector by the manufacturer) to a central computer for evaluation.
The feeling of safety can be created while in an airport, college, office building, or any other area where these detectors are being used. People that are using them can control who enters a specific area and what he/she brings inside it.
There are different types and models of metal detectors, but the most commonly used detectors are the hand held models and walk through models.
With the help of a hand held detector, security personnel can physically detect if a person is carrying a metallic object. On the other hand, walk through metal detectors are much quicker, and they alert the security personnel of dangerous objects such as knives or weapons.
Metal detectors are able to deter potential would-be criminals because the would-be criminal will think twice before walking through a security check point.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device consist of two different units: motion detector unit and metal detector unit, and all this units have their own area of application that made this work widely used.
Motion sensors can:
- Alert you in the event that your teen breaks curfew
- Trigger a doorbell when someone approaches the front door
- Alert you when kids enter restricted areas in the home, like the basement, workout room, or medicine cabinet
- Save energy by using motion sensor lighting in unoccupied spaces
- Notify you if pets enter areas where they're not supposed to be.
Metal detectors are used for:
Treasure Hunting
- Different types of treasure hunting that use metal detector technology include "coin shooting" or coin hunting, prospecting for gold and/or silver, historical artifact hunting, and beach combing for valuables lost on the beach. Serious coin and relic hunters will do an enormous amount of research beforehand to determine where specific, potentially valuable sites are located. The depth to which a metal detector can pinpoint a buried metal object depends largely on the strength (and expense) of the model. The typical amateur treasure-hunting metal detector can only detect metal objects one or two feet below the surface.
- Airport and Building Security
Metal detectors are used for airport and building security to determine whether guns, knives, or other weapons are being transported onto aircraft or into public buildings. The technology and efficiency of a security metal detector is much more advanced than that of an amateur treasure-hunting detector. There are two types of security metal detectors: the walk-through detector, and the wand detector.
A walk-through metal detector consists of a metal-detecting arch or "gate" through which an individual passes to be screened. If an alarm sounds, an operator stops the individual from walking past the checkpoint, and proceeds to investigate the cause and the source of the alarm.
A wand detector is slightly more laborious to use, but it is a much less expensive alternative to a walk-through detector. Security personnel pass the wand slowly over all sides of the body of the individual being screened, with an alarm within the wand sounding when metal is detected.
Land Mine Detection
The military has used metal detection to pinpoint buried land mines since World War I. Of the two types of landmines used in warfare, antipersonnel and antitank, antipersonnel mines are harder for metal detectors to locate because they are often made of plastic. Both types of mines are typically buried close to the surface, making detection of metal-based mines relatively easy, though intensely nerve-wracking, as the slightest contact with a mine will easily detonate it.
Construction Industry
Metal detectors are also used in the construction industry to locate steel reinforcement bars embedded in concrete, and to pinpoint metal pipes and wires in floors and walls. This is useful in avoiding unnecessary damage when replacing plumbing or wiring in a building or house. Some models of metal detector used for construction industry purposes bear a resemblance to the wand detector used for security purposes, while others more closely resemble those used for treasure hunting.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
Motion sensors have some problem:
- it has a limited distance to detect the motion
- if a motion sensor for the automatic door is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the door open.
- It cannot detect the small objects such as insects or raindrop.
- Things may trigger the motion detector that you don't want to. An outside detector mounted too close to a light that stays on at night, will be triggered continuously by bugs.
- The set shutoff time of the motion sensor may be too short (maybe only 30 seconds). For outside lights with a motion detector, if you want more "on time", it's best to buy a model with an adjustable shutoff time.
- The reliability of a motion sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy - specifically, the "heat energy" emitted by normal human skin temperature.
For the metal detector:
As for the limitation of using any type of metal detector, they cause privacy concerns. A lot of people can find it uncomfortable while passing through a detector scanning them for potentially dangerous metallic objects. In some cases it is possible that they ask to be manually searched when the rules of safety allow such actions.
Also, in this advantageous medical era, we can find a lot of medical reasons why some person might have metal on his/hers body. Sometimes, metal devices can be surgically installed inside the person’s body which will cause the alarm to be set off each time that person walks through a metal detector. In many cases it is possible for the security personnel to see on their computers that the metal object that caused the alarm is actually a harmless tool and not a weapon.
As already said, metal detectors create electromagnetic fields. This can cause electrical interference to electronic devices that one person might have in its possession. This includes medical devices such as pacemakers. Some metal detectors can harm pacemakers because they have a very strong electromagnetic field. In this case, such detectors can be fatal for those people, and it is strongly advised that they avoid passing through them.
In many situations, metal detectors can give a false alarm if people are wearing some kind of jewelry, watch, phone, loose change or similar. This can make some people feel embarrassed and can cause panic for no reason. A false alarm caused by detectors can be inconvenient both for the security personnel and the person to whom the alarm turned on.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system'" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" consist of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system'" consist of the methodology"design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system'". In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" consist of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system"consist of conclusion, recommendation and references of "design and construction of motion and metal detector for a home security system".
NOTE: All Project Topics on this site have complete 5(five) Chapters . Each Project Material include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.
To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"
Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE
To view other related topics click HERE
To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE
Do you want us to research for your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"
Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions
You can also visit our facebook Page at fb.me/hyclas to view more our related construction (or design) pics
For more information contact us through Any of the following means:
Mobile No :+2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]
Email address :engr4project@gmail.com
Watsapp No :+2348146561114
To View Our Design Pix: You can also visit our facebook Page at fb.me/hyclas for our design photos/pics.
IF YOU ARE SATISFIED WITH OUR SERVICES, PLEASE DO NOT FORGET TO INVITE YOUR FRIENDS AND COURSEMATES TO OUR PAGE.