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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a multipurpose listening device" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This multipurpose listening device can detect very faint, remote sounds with a good clarity. It is useful in large conference halls, auditoria, cinema halls, lecture rooms in colleges, etc. The circuit can be housed in a small plastic box and kept in a shirt pocket. It is especially useful for watching TV programs at a low volume so as not to disturb other family members in the house. An electric microphone is used to pick up sounds. The advantages of using it are its excellent frequency range and high sensitivity. Four transistors and a few resistors and capacitors are required for fabricating the circuit.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.8 PROBLEM/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 USES OF THE STUDY
2.3 REVIEW OF CANDIDACY AND ACQUISITION OF THE STUDY
2.4 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MULTIPURPOSE LISTENING DEVICES
2.5 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MULTIPURPOSE LISTENING DEVICE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM OPERATION AND DESCRIPTION
3.3 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED IN THIS CIRCUIT
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING
4.4.1 PRE-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING
4.4.2 POST-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING
4.5 RESULT
4.6 COST ANALYSIS
4.7 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Hearing is one of the five senses along with vision, taste, smell and touch. The ear serves as a receiver of incoming sounds. Although the ear receives sound and is the sense organ for hearing, it is the brain and central nervous system that interpret the sound. The human auditory system can generally hear sounds within the frequency range of 20 Hz and 20 kHz but the frequency range between 100Hz and 6 kHz contains most of the information of human voice (Sergei Kochkin, 2015). Although the sensation of hearing requires an intact and functioning auditory portion of the central nervous system as well as working ear, human deafness (extreme insensitivity to sound) and hearing loss most commonly occur because of damages of the ear, rather than the central auditory system.
A multipurpose listening device is a small device used for amplifying low audio signal. This multipurpose listening device can detect very faint, remote sounds with a good clarity.
The basic components of a multipurpose listening device are a microphone, transistors – for amplification, a headphone, and 3v battery. The microphone converts the sound into an electric signal. The signal then undergoes conditioning that can be as simple as amplifying all of the sound equally, to more advanced equalization involving a digital signal processor. The headphone receives the output, and the battery powers the electronics (Schum, D.J. 2004).
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design an electro-acoustic device which amplifies sound for the wearer, usually with the aim of making speech more intelligible, and audible.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Hearing aids are incapable of truly correcting a hearing loss; they are an aid to make sounds more accessible. The circuit can be housed in a small plastic box and kept in a shirt pocket. It is especially useful for watching TV programs at a low volume so as not to disturb other family members in the house.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Multipurpose listening device help people who have hearing loss. This multipurpose listening device circuit works using four transistors and several passive electronic components.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Some multipurpose listening device comes with non-replaceable battery which can only be dispose when the battery dies, this means that multipurpose listening device with non-replaceable battery can be costly than the one that has replaceable battery because if the battery dies one have to dispose it. Multipurpose listening device can be noisy when the battery gets low.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
It is useful in large conference halls, auditoria, cinema halls, lecture rooms in colleges, etc.
1.7 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construction of the circuit was carried out.
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this work. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this work. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 DISCUSSION
On the test of the final product on people with hearing impairment the result showed that there was significant improvement in their hearing ability in all the cases. The volume control was also found to be very useful as the user is able to control the level of signal he listens to. Signals that are two loud may course further damage to the ears.
It was realized that hearing aid device is in capable of truly correcting a hearing loss, but an aid to make sound more accessible. In situations where the primary auditory cortex does not receive regular stimulation, this part of the brain losses cells which process sound. As cell losses increases, the degree of hearing loss increases. When the loss of cell is not much, hearing aid can be of enormous importance.
5.2 CONCLUSION
The aim of this work was to design a system that pre-amplify an acoustic signal Picked up by a condenser microphone. The pre-amplified signal is then further amplified before being converted to sound by another transducer (speaker). The designed and constructed circuit was tested on different set of people with different degree of hearing problem. The final test showed that the device could prove very useful for people with partial hearing problems.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
For further improvement, it is recommended that a wireless multipurpose listening device should be designed and constructed to reduce the weight.
The casing of the multipurpose listening device should be made up of more portable, qualitative and lighter plastic material so as to reduce the overall weight and size.
More care should be taken so as to avoid feedback signal between the microphone and the headphone which may result in noisy signal.
CHAPTER ONE: The complete chapter one of this work is available. Order full work to download. Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, scope, objective, the need (benefit), limitation and problem, advantages of this work was discussed.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of a multipurpose listening device” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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