DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PHASE FAILURE CONTROLLER FOR THREE PHASE EQUIPMENT
Electrical power system engineering comprises power generation, transmission, distribution, and the utilization of electricity. Modern trends in the development of electric power systems explore means of improving efficiency in these stages mentioned. On the demand side, the protection of consumer equipment and appliances from damage and total destruction due to phase failures is an issue of paramount importance mainly in parts of the world with unsteady supply of electricity. In this work we took a detailed look into what a phase failure is and the possible causes. Then we finally explain the details of a method we have developed that controls cases of phase failure and takes the appropriate measure that will save the consumer loads from damages.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
- Introduction
- Background of the project
- objective of the project
- significance of the project
- scope of the project
- Application of the project
- limitation of the project
- project organisation
CHAPTER TWO
- Review of Related Literatures
- Contactors
- Auxiliary Timer
- Circuit Breaker
- Indicator Lights
CHAPTER THREE
- Basic Principles
- Principles of Operation
- Circuit diagram
CHAPTER FOUR
- Research Design and Construction
- Project Construction
- Mounting of Components
- Packaging
- Precaution
CHAPTER FIVE
- Associated Fault and Remedies
- Conclusion
- Reference
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
After the generation and distribution of electricity, if it is not well managed by the final consumer, there could be losses and serious problems to the loads and user alike. With the recent increase in the use of power in our homes and industries, there is the need to adequately protect our homes, industries and every other appliance that make use of electricity. Thus a phase failure detector is overly important both for the improvement of the quality of service from the power utility companies and the protection of life and properties of the electricity consumers.
This is a situation where any of the three phases in a power system fails. This could result from a fuse blowing up or an interruption in the power line. Phase failure could be caused by any of the following:
a.Unbalanced voltage
b.Single phasing or phase loss
c.Overloads
d.Power outage (short cycling, over cycling)
e.Overvoltage
f.Under-voltage
g.Phase reversal (incorrect phase sequence)
The phase failure controller under consideration in this work is an electro-mechanical device used in power system engineering to protect a load from damage due to a failure in any of the phases supplying power to the load. It automatically cuts off the load from the supply if one of the individual phase conductors becomes faulty.
A phase failure detector is particularly important component in many assembly plants using the mains power supply. In such assemblies, the total loss of power in a phase of the mains supply or a significant reduction in its value due to uneven load conditions will cause serious problems.
Examples of other systems requiring phase failure controller include power supplies for three-phase motors, transformers, and rectifiers. A more prominent example is the rectifier solutions in which a semi-controlled thyristor bridge is used. It is important that even short network breaks are detected to ensure that control of the bridge does not continue in diode mode once mains voltage has been restored. This is because intermediate circuit voltage can occur during an outage, resulting in fuses blowing when the power supply voltage is restored, and leading to a break in the operation of a process. Phase failure detector can thus be used in many different industrial applications, in ships,and in a national power supply network. They prevent damage to load if one of the individual phases is interrupted.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
The intelligent phase controller is a system that is capable of comparing three phases and switching automatically to any of the three phases. The system consists of three main parts namely; the transformer, comparators (which is the brain of the system) and electrical switching device (relay).
The transformer used here is the step down type of transformer (it step down 240v to 12v) and these transformer is feed in with different phase voltage, rectified and smooth. Then fed in to a voltage regulator that has positive output. The regulator outputs were connected to comparators. Here the comparators are three in number. We call the comparators the brain of the system because these comparators are connected in a way that each of them will give out an output.
The relay in the system is where the output voltage is connected. In this project we even went as far as using pictures for illustration of some components.
1.3 AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The analysis of this project cannot go without enumerating the goals meant to be achieved in the pursuit of the work. These objectives include:-
- To develop a simple low cost device aimed at easing the prevalent burden faced by delicate offices, parastatals and institutions who need very low but constant power supply. Since supply is always on along the distribution lines
that supply such sites, what pesters on the progress of work thereof is always the unwarranted trip of phases due to power usage from neighboring consumers. The automatic phase controller therefore, erases this setback form the face of progress of work in such offices.
ii. To stimulate the interest of upcoming students to take up research not only in their field of study “Electrical/Electronic Engineering” but also to extend their arms to other disciplines, thus enhancing the versatility of Electrical/Electronic Engineering.
iii. To create awareness that will stimulate the interest of fellow students who intend to take up research topic on automatic switch of any type.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The issue of selecting or switching over manually is now a thing of the past. Nowadays we know that homes and offices enjoy steady power supply once the three phases are available (i.e. red yellow and blue phases). Is just a question of making a quick and automatic three phase controller?
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
Owning to the nature of this project, the research centers and the resources were not easy to come by within the immediate environment. Some of the limitation encountered on the course of this project include financial and time constrains which did not really take much room for additional capacity beyond what is at hand.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This project will provide lasting solutions to the heavy losses incurred by commercial institution, industries, hospitals, airport etc caused by poor manual selector means and efficient switching facilities. It will also be of use in our household because poor selector of phase manually causes damage to our household equipment example electronics like television, radio, video player etc and electrical appliances like refrigerator, air condition, fans just to mention but a few. Finally another target is to eliminate the loss of human life due to manual selection of the three phases.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The significance of this project work cannot be overemphasized. This is because the number of lives that has being lost to the hand of interruption of power in health institutions and the like is not negligible. Delicate appliances have become the main victim of this artificial circumstance. The applicability of the outcome of this research work in several facets of human endeavor makes this work of real importance to humanity.
The use of the device produced from this research work would help to reduce human labor and hazard, going by the fact that many have been handicapped by electric shock because of the attempt they made to select another phase, and that the handicapped are helpless and cannot change phase.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of phase failure controller were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a phase failure controller. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
This material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We make abstract and chapter one visible for everyone.
All Project Topics on this site have complete 5(five) Chapters . Each Project Material include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.
To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"
Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE
To view other related topics click HERE
To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE
Do you want us to research for your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"
Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions
For more information contact us through Any of the following means:
Mobile No :+2348146561114 or +2347015391124
Email address :engr4project@gmail.com
Watsapp No :+2348146561114
IF YOU ARE SATISFIED WITH OUR SERVICES, PLEASE DO NOT FORGET TO INVITE YOUR FRIENDS AND COURSEMATES TO OUR PAGE.