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TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A RAIN OPERATED WIPER

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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In the present automobiles the number of facilities is much higher. The driver has to concentrate on road while driving, and with increased traffic, things get frustrating. The features in the car like GPRS to trace the route, music system, air condition system etc may drive away the attention of the driver. Thus an effort has been made to reduce the effort put by driver in controlling the speed of the wiper and put more concentration on his driving. Since this system is put into use in many higher end cars and has been successfully working, an effort was made to reduce the cost of the system so that this system can be implemented in common economic cars where a common man can also enjoy the benefits. In section II, the detail explanation about designing aspects of the system is given. In section III the working procedure of the system is given.
Vehicles are now available with driver-programmable intelligent (automatic) windscreen wipers that detect the presence and amount of rain using a rain sensor. The sensor automatically adjusts the speed of the blades according to the amount of rain detected. The battery supplies the power to the sensor as well as rain operated motor. Wiper motor is automatically ON during the time of rainfall. The senor is fixed in the vehicle glass. The conductive (Touch) sensor is used in this project. It senses the rainfall and giving control signal to the control unit. The control unit activates the wiper motor automatically. This operation is called “Automatic rain operated.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• DESCRIPTION OF WINDSCREEN WIPER
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF OTHER AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS WIPERS
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIPER

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM OPERATION
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• COMPONENTS REQUIRED
• WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM
• PINOUT OF THE COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                       INTRODUCTION
1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Windscreen wiper removes rain and debris from a windscreen. Almost all motor vehicle, including trains, aircraft and watercraft, are equipped with such wipers, which are usually an essential requirement. A wiper generally consists of an arm, pivoting at one end and with a long rubber blade attached to the other. The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water from its surface. The speed is normally adjustable, with several continuous speeds and often one or more "intermittent" settings. Most automobiles use two synchronized radial type arms. It takes a lot of force to accelerate the wiper blades back and forth across the windshield so quickly. In order to generate this type of force, a worm gear is used on the output of a small electric motor. The worm gear reduction can multiply the torque of the motor by about 50 times, while slowing the output speed of the electric motor by 50 times as well. The output of the gear reduction operates a linkage that moves the wipers back and forth. Inside the motor/gear assembly is an electronic circuit that senses when the wipers are in their down they are parked at the bottom of the windshield, and then cuts the power to the motor. This circuit also parks the wipers between wipes when they are on their intermittent setting. With drivers exposed to an ever increasing number of distractions, automatic rain-sensing wiper. systems become an even more appealing feature, as they work to minimize the time the driver must take his/her hands off the wheel. These systems detect droplets of rain on the windshield and automatically turn on and adjust the wiper system in accordance to the level of precipitation. Current rain-sensing systems use an optical sensor to detect the presence of water on the windshield, and relay wiper control data to the vehicle's body control module (BCM). Unfortunately, these optical rain sensors suffer from a small sensing area, are prone to false-positives, and are too expensive to be included as standard equipment in most vehicles.
Over the past two decades, the automotive industry has aggressively researched ways to exploit modern computing and electronic advances in the development of safety, reliability, and entertainment technologies. Despite this, automatic rain-sensing wiper systems are relatively uncommon in modern vehicles for a number of reasons. They are often too expensive, too unsightly, or too unreliable to be desired in new automobiles. Many attempts have been made at constructing an effective, reliable, and cheap rain detection and wiper control system for vehicles speed and intermittent interval automatically according to the amount of rain. To measure the amount of water usually use optical sensor. In this type of sensors uses the fact that the refraction angle and the amount of reflection of the light are different when the windshield is wet. Even though optical sensors are used widely they have some disadvantage. One of disadvantages is the sensitivity to external light. Another problem is occurs when car drive at night or gone through tunnel and even in underground parking. For this many systems still activate the wiper when the car comes out of tunnels or underground parking lot. Another shortfall, maybe a major one is that the sensing area is a relatively small portion of windshield. Hence the system operates only with limited area. The wiper system may fail to activate when there are some raindrops on the driver’s line of sight, but not on the sensing area. They are often too expensive, too unsightly, or too unreliable to be desired in new automobiles Slave system collects the information about like amount of rain, temperature, moisture from sensor and from various other unit. This information sends it towards mater for father processing. Master analysis that data and take a decision and make logic. The decision include at what speeded the wiper motor rotate, and check whether there is any change in outer and inner temperature if there is small changes then no action to be taken, and if there is vast changes in temperature then which will automatically make the response to the presence of moisture and according adjust that temperature and remove moister inside car windshield.
For this a comprehensive study of sensors, actuators and mechanical design was done. Development of hardware module and the software has progress. The basic method used for designing the circuit is that a rain level sensor will detect the amount of rain and give the signal to the controller.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT
Traditionally, car wiper is operated by the driver whenever it was raining, this calls for an attention and involves labour. This invention of came to solve this problem by automatically switching ON and OFF of the wiper whenever rain drops on the sensor.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
This objective of this work is design a Wiper motor that is automatically ON during the time of rainfall. The senor is fixed in the vehicle glass. The conductive (Touch) sensor is used in this project. It senses the rainfall and giving control signal to the control unit. The control unit activates the wiper motor automatically.

•                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• It is used in four wheeler 
• It is used in aircraft
• It is used in train 
• It is used in six wheeler

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This wiper system reduces cumbersome wiper operation and improves driver’s level comfort. It will give a new dimension of comfort and aid to the drivers who work at night and traffic prone areas where they already have to concentrate on brakes and clutch. Other significance includes:

• Low cost automation project.
• Free from wear adjustment.
• Less power consumption.
• Operating principle is very easy Installation is simple.
• It is possible to operate manually/automatically by providing On/Off switch

Sensor cost is very low due to the use of conductive sensor.
1.6                                    LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Additional cost is required incase optical sensor is used. This system applied in the case of water falling on the glass only.

1.7                                         METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

• Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
• Draw a block diagram.
• Test for continuity of components and devices,
• Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
• Studying of various component used in circuit.
• Construction of the circuit was carried out.
• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

 

CHAPTER TWO
3.0                                                    LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1                                  DESCRIPTION OF WINDSCREEN WIPER
A windscreen wiper or windshield wiper is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice and debris from a windscreen or windshield. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, train locomotives, watercraft with a cabin and some aircraft, are equipped with such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement.
A wiper generally consists of a metal arm, pivoting at one end and with a long rubber blade attached to the other. The arm is powered by a motor, often an electric motor, although pneumatic power is also used in some vehicles. The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water or other precipitation from its surface. The speed is normally adjustable, with several continuous speeds and often one or more "intermittent" settings. Most automobiles use two synchronized radial type arms, while many commercial vehicles use one or more pantograph arms.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and construction of a rain operated wiper" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "comparative analysis of bitter kola, moringa oleifera seed, and wonderful kola used for waste water treatment" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

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