DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SINGLE CHANNEL AUDIO AMPLIFIER WITH AUDIO LEVEL INDICATOR USING OLED
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TITLE PAGE
BY
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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
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Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
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External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal. Amplifiers are used in wireless communications and broadcasting, and in audio equipment of all kinds. They can be categorized as either weak-signal amplifiers or power amplifiers. The most frequently-used device for power amplification is the bipolar transistor. In an amplifier, audio level indicator is incorporated to display the audio signal level of an amplifier. The main aim of this work is to build a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using OLED.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF AN AMPLIFIER
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- OVERVIEW OF DIRECT-COUPLED AMPLIFIER
- IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AMPLIFIER
- TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS
- TYPES OF POWER AMPLIFIERS
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AN AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
- BLOCK DESCRIPTION
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- WORKING OF AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
- PROGRAM CODE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
An audio amplifier is an electronic amplifier that amplifies low-power audio signals (signals composed primarily of frequencies between 20 - 20 000 Hz, the human range of hearing) to a level suitable for driving loudspeakers. It is the final electronic stage in a typical audio playback chain.
Power Amplifier (also known as a large signal amplifier), is to deliver power to the load, and as we know from above, is the product of the voltage and current applied to the load with the output signal power being greater than the input signal power. In other words, a power amplifier amplifies the power of the input signal which is why these types of amplifier circuits are used in audio amplifier output stages to drive loudspeakers.
The power amplifier works on the basic principle of converting the DC power drawn from the power supply into an AC voltage signal delivered to the load. Although the amplification is high the efficiency of the conversion from the DC power supply input to the AC voltage signal output is usually poor.
The preceding stages in such a chain are low power audio amplifiers which perform tasks like pre-amplification (this is particularly associated with record turntable signals), equalization, tone controls, mixing/effects, or audio sources like record players, CD players, and cassette players. Most audio power amplifiers require these low-level inputs to adhere to line levels.
While the input signal to an audio power amplifier may measure only a few hundred microwatts, its output may be tens or hundreds of watts for a home system or thousands or tens of thousands of watts for a concert sound reinforcement system.
Not all amplifiers are the same and are therefore classified according to their circuit configurations and methods of operation. In “Electronics”, small signal amplifiers are commonly used devices as they have the ability to amplify a relatively small input signal, for example from a Sensor such as a photo-device, into a much larger output signal to drive a relay, lamp or loudspeaker for example.
The classification of an amplifier depends upon the size of the signal, large or small, its physical configuration and how it processes the input signal, which is the relationship between input signal and current flowing in the load.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this study is to build a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using OLED.
- To build a portable audio amplifying device
- To display the audio output of the amplifier
- To build an audio VU (volume unit) meter based on an Arduino microcontroller
1.3 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Important applications include public address systems, theatrical and concert sound reinforcement systems, and domestic systems such as a stereo or home-theatre system. Instrument amplifiers including guitar amplifiers and electric keyboard amplifiers also use audio power amplifiers. In some cases, the power amplifier for an instrument is integrated into a single amplifier "head" which contains a preamplifier, tone controls, and electronic effects. In other cases, musicians may create a setup with separate rack mount preamplifiers, equalizers, and a power amplifier in a separate chassis.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
Amplifier’s main purpose is to take the weak signal and make it strong to drive a speaker. The power amplifiers usually get necessary amplification energy of input signals from the AC supply. Ideally without distortion an amplifier can deliver signal at the output without distortion.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Today there are many categories of amplifiers used for multifarious purposes. In simple terms an amplifier picks up a weak signal and converts it into a strong one. It is widely used in several devices to boost electrical signals. Radios, televisions and telephones are a few examples to point out in this regard. There are innumerable other applications of amplifiers and it is not easy to enumerate all of them. Some of the common types of amplifiers are used in electronic gadgets and audio systems. These are also used in musical instruments and guitars. This project serves to demonstrate how the knowledge of electronics can be applied to build solutions for any part of your day to day life.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1. Noise: This device tends to add some random noise to the signals passing through them, hence degrading the SNR (signal to noise ratio). This, in turn, limits the accuracy of any measurement.
2. Limited output voltage, current, and power levels. This amplifier cannot output signals above 1.5w.
3. A 9V DC was used for powering the circuit. A 9V PP3 battery is fine.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The amplifier circuit of this work was built with transistors. This transistor is already biased with the help of the divider bias network. The volume unit (VU) meter uses AVR ATMega 328. For the display, the project was designed to be compatible with small (and cheap) monochrome OLED displays based on the SSD1306 or SH1106 driver.
1.7 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design and calculation for the amplifier was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construct the amplifier circuit.
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related works on "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" were reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a single channel audio amplifier with audio level indicator using oled" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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