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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMART STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The project deals with making a smart street light that would enable itself when it comes in contact with an obstacle i.e. a vehicle for an instance, and turn off when there is nobody around. The system requires an arduino uno microcontroller, some ultrasonic sensors and a battery for making the entire idea functional. The ultrasonic sensors that are responsible for detection of an obstacle would be manually placed on the street light poles, on detection of an obstacle; they would send electrical signals to the central sensor box consisting of our arduino uno microcontroller. The microcontroller that would be powered by a battery source will then eventually turn on the street lights of the location where the obstacle is detected.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, we human beings are manufacturing abundant amount of vehicles for the purpose of transportation. It is hence an obvious fact, that we would need double the number of roads for those vehicles to be moving from one location to another. Similarly, tons of Led’s and light bulbs are being used on the same roads to enlighten the streets in order to make the vehicle reach their destination even in the dark. But have you ever wondered, about the amount of electricity wasted every year for keeping those street lights constantly working? We have all witnessed a sight, where in the lights were still kept on, even when they weren’t needed.
There is a need to establish a mechanism that would automatically turn on the lights on the street, on encounter of a vehicle passing by and turn them off when there is no one to use it.
This proposed system utilizes the latest technology for the sources of light as LED Lamps instead of generally used street lamps such as High Pressure Sodium Lamps, etc. The LED technology is preferred as it offers several advantages over other traditional technologies like energy saving due to high current luminous efficiency, low maintenance cost, high colour rendering index, rapid start up speed, long working life etc. This proposed system makes use of infrared photoelectric sensor for vehicle detection. This project is basically an intelligent system which is designed such that the street lights automatically switches OFF and ON based on the sunlight. For this feature they have used a very common and easily available light sensor called as LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). Therefore, we have decided to come up with a system that was economically cheaper and technically less complex on implementation grounds.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The project aims at curbing the power losses in the street lamps during the night time. It is based on the ultrasonic sensor and microcontroller ATmega32
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Major significance of street lighting includes: prevention of accidents and increase in safety. Studies have shown that darkness results in a large number of crashes and fatalities, especially those involving pedestrians; pedestrian fatalities are 3 to 6.75 times more likely in the dark than in daylight. Street lighting has been found to reduce pedestrian crashes by approximately 50%.
Furthermore, lighted intersections and highway interchanges tend to have fewer crashes than unlighted intersections and interchanges.
Towns, cities, and villages use the unique locations provided by lampposts to hang decorative or commemorative banners. In design of street light for industrial applications, ultrasonic sensors are characterized by their reliability and outstanding versatility. Ultrasonic sensors can be used to solve even the most complex tasks involving object detection or level measurement with millimetre precision, because their measuring method works reliably under almost all conditions.
No other measuring method can be successfully put to use on such a wide scale and in so many different applications. The devices are extremely robust, making them suitable for even the toughest conditions. The sensor surface cleans itself through vibration, and that is not the only reason why the sensor is insensitive to dirt. The physical principle—the propagation of sound—works, with a few exceptions, in practically any environment. Ultrasonic sensors have proven their reliability and endurance in virtually all industrial sectors when used in street light. If the lighting system implements all LED lights, the cost of the maintenance can be reduced as the life span and durability of LEDs is higher than Neon based lights which are normally used as street lights. As the lights are automatically turned ON or OFF, huge amount of energy can be saved.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this work is that it saves energy by putting on the lights of the system only when the system detects movement of vehicle. The system switches on the street light ahead of the vehicle and switches off the trailing lights simultaneously
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
There are four distinct main uses of street lights, each requiring different types of lights and placement. Misuse of the different types of lights can make the situation worse by compromising visibility or safety.
Beacon lights
A modest steady light at the intersection of two roads is an aid to navigation because it helps a driver see the location of a side road as they come closer to it and they can adjust their braking and know exactly where to turn if they intend to leave the main road or see vehicles or pedestrians. A beacon light's function is to say "here I am" and even a dim light provides enough contrast against the dark night to serve the purpose. To prevent the dangers caused by a car driving through a pool of light, a beacon light must never shine onto the main road, and not brightly onto the side road. In residential areas, this is usually the only appropriate lighting, and it has the bonus side effect of providing spill lighting onto any sidewalk there for the benefit of pedestrians. On Interstate highways this purpose is commonly served by placing reflectors at the sides of the road.
Roadway lights
Conventional streetlights are used instead of high mast lighting near airport runway approaches due to the negative effects they cause.
Street light are not normally intended to illuminate the driving route, but to reveal signs and hazards outside of the headlights' beam. Because of the dangers discussed above, roadway lights are properly used sparingly and only when a particular situation justifies increasing the risk. This usually involves an intersection with several turning movements and much signage, situations where drivers must take in much information quickly that is not in the headlights' beam. In these situations (A freeway junction or exit ramp) the intersection may be lit so that drivers can quickly see all hazards, and a well designed plan will have gradually increasing lighting for approximately a quarter of a minute before the intersection and gradually decreasing lighting after it. The main stretches of highways remain unlighted to preserve the driver's night vision and increase the visibility of oncoming headlights. If there is a sharp curve where headlights will not illuminate the road, a light on the outside of the curve is often justified.
If it is desired to light a roadway (perhaps due to heavy and fast multi-lane traffic), to avoid the dangers of casual placement of street lights it should not be lit intermittently, as this requires repeated eye readjustment which implies eyestrain and temporary blindness when entering and leaving light pools. In this case the system is designed to eliminate the need for headlights. This is usually achieved with bright lights placed on high poles at close regular intervals so that there is consistent light along the route. The lighting goes from curb to curb.
Street light control systems
A number of street light control systems have been developed to control and reduce energy consumption of a town's public lighting system. These range from controlling a circuit of street lights and/or individual lights with specific ballasts and network operating protocols. These may include sending and receiving instructions via separate data networks at high frequency over the top of the low voltage supply or wireless.
Image-based street light control
A number of companies are now manufacturing Intelligent street lighting that adjust light output based on usage and occupancy, i.e. automating classification of pedestrian versus cyclist, versus automotive, sensing also velocity of movement and illuminating a certain number of streetlights ahead and fewer behind, depending on velocity of movement. Also the lights adjust depending on road conditions, for example, snow produces more reflectance therefore reduced light is required.
Military use
From a military standpoint, lighting is a critical part of the battlefield conditions. Shadows are good places to hide, while bright areas are more exposed. It is often beneficial to fight with the Sun or other light source behind you, giving your enemy disturbing visual glare and partially hiding your own movements in backlight. If natural light is not present searchlights and flares can be used. However the use of light may disclose your own hidden position and modern warfare have seen increased use of night vision through the use of infrared cameras and image intensifiers.
Flares can also be used by the military to mark positions, usually for targeting, but laser-guided and GPS weapons have eliminated this need for the most part.
- The street light control circuit can be used in normal roads, highways, express ways etc.
- The project can also be used in parking areas of malls, hotels, industrial lighting,
1.5 BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
Major advantages of street lighting includes: prevention of accidents and increase in safety. Studies have shown that darkness results in a large number of crashes and fatalities, especially those involving pedestrians; pedestrian fatalities are 3 to 6.75 times more likely in the dark than in daylight. External lighting has been found to reduce pedestrian crashes by approximately 50%.
Furthermore, lighted intersections and highway interchanges tend to have fewer crashes than unlighted intersections and interchanges. Towns, cities, and villages use the unique locations provided by lampposts to hang decorative or commemorative banners.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Project deals with making a smart street light that would enable itself when it comes in contact with an obstacle i.e. a vehicle for an instance, and turn off when there is nobody around. The system requires an microcontroller, some ultrasonic sensors and a battery for making the entire idea functional. The ultrasonic sensors that are responsible for detection of an obstacle would be manually placed on the street light poles, on detection of an obstacle; they would send electrical signals to the central sensor box consisting of microcontroller. The microcontroller that would be powered by a battery source will then eventually turn on the street lights of the location where the obstacle is detected.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The only problem noticed in this work is that the intelligent operation of the system may stop working as soon as the sensor got spoiled.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller, significance of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller, scope of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller, objective of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller, the need (benefit) of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller, limitation and problem of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller, advantages of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller was discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of a smart street light using arduino uno microcontroller” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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