DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER FOR 6 AND 12V LEAD ACID BATTERY
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TITLE PAGE
BY
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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
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Supervisor Head of Department.
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External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This project is titled the design and construction of a solar battery charger. It is designed to meet up with the higher demand of power supply needed to keep our battery charged.
Solar battery charger is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It does this by the use of solar panel which is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristics-- e.g. current, voltage, or resistance-- vary when light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to light, can generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage source.
This work is aimed at constructing a solar battery charger system which receives 15v dc from the solar panel and convert it to the level that can be safe to the acid battery of 6 and 12v.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- BUILDING BLOCK OF A SOLAR PANEL
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- BACKGROUND LITERATURE SURVEY
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR CELLS
- THEORY OF SOLAR CELLS
- EFFICIENCIES OF SOLAR PANEL
- BENEFITS OF SOLAR BATTERY CHARGERS
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN
- BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
- SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT PRINCIPLE
- CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
- SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT DESIGN
- HOW TO OPERATE THIS SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT
- WOODEN ENCLOSURE PARTS
- TOOLS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
- DEFINITION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- COST ANALYSIS
- SOLAR PANEL MOUNTING
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Given the current energy crisis and increasing need for sustainable energy, we endeavored to create a cost-effective, small-scale electrical generator which could be used to power consumer electronics. Solar energy has proven its worth as an alternative energy source because it is low-impact and emission-free. It has been implemented with much success for power grids with hundreds of acres of enormous solar concentrators [1]. In the small-scale, solar energy has been harvested through the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels and have been used to power anything from an iPod to a residential home. Although PV systems are considered part of the green energy revolution, materials utilized for its construction (like silicon) are extremely dangerous to the environment and much care must be taken to ensure that they are recycled properly. PV cells also only utilize the energy stored in specific wavelengths of light and therefore have an approximate efficiency between 14-19%. Sunlight, however, produces immense amounts of heat which only serves to heat up the surface of the solar cell. Although there are some PV cells that have reached efficiency levels over 40% (world record is 41.6%), they are enormously complex and expensive. Concentrated solar power (CSP) works differently because it focuses solar energy in its entirety rather than absorb it. Ultimately, our group will be designing and producing a Solar Powered Battery
Solar battery charger is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Solar chargers use solar panels to charge cell phone batteries. They are an alternative to conventional electrical battery chargers and in some cases can be plugged into an electrical outlet [2].
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Traditional chargers are limited to be powered with mains supply which when power fails charging of battery becomes a challenge. Also, most traditional batteries in market today is limited to charge specific battery with a specific voltage rating, and this becomes a challenge when the need for charging a battery with higher or lower voltages arise. To overcome these mentioned challenges this project was proposed which has the capacity of being powered with renewable energy and also have the feature of charging 6 and 12v batteries.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main of this work is to design a device that will charge a 6v as well as 12v acid lead battery. The objectives are:
- To provide constant electricity supply or those on the go with portable solar power charging systems.
- To integrate solar energy with battery charger
- To provide a sustainable energy to a battery charger
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers building a solar charger which is an excellent one in that it's meant to allow you an option for charging your 6 and 12v lead acid battery. In this work, the selection of the required voltages is done using a potentiometer which is used to tune to the right and required voltage.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
There are several advantages you enjoy when you use a solar charger instead of a conventional mains charger. The energy savings. Unlike conventional energy resources that produce and consume a lot of waste energy from a solar charger draws energy from renewable sources and produces no waste. You can solar charger to use, you can go anywhere, provided you have access to solar energy.
The main advantage behind the invention of these solar powered charges is to save large amount of electrical energy. The solar panels of which will help in converting the solar energy from the sun into electrical energy through various reactions.
Other advantages of solar powered charges reside in the fact that they allow you to access power outside the national grid. You can charge yours phones even while traveling without depending on electricity. This property has made it possible to make use of these cell phone chargers at any possible place.
The last one is these solar powered charges are eco/environment-friendly. They don't produce harmful waste, and can be used anytime and anywhere that there is daylight.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
There are some disadvantages to solar chargers powered by the sun. The most obvious of course is that if it's a cloudy or overcast day, your solar powered charger isn't going to be able to garner the energy it needs from the sun in order to function. Usually, it needs direct sun in order to store enough in the battery to work efficiently.
Another disadvantage to the current solar phone chargers is that the amount of power they are capable of generating isn't always enough to keep up with the amount of power required by today's highly functional appliances.
Some analysts say that in order to meet and exceed the power needs of most battery-powered appliances, the solar charger will have to be larger in order to capture more of the sun's energy more quickly. However, this poses a problem when it comes to the transport and convenience of the charger.
Another drawback is that solar chargers are not typically able to generate enough power for a full charge.
1.6 BUILDING BLOCK OF A SOLAR PANEL
Assemblies of photovoltaic cells are used to make solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight. Multiple cells in an integrated group, all oriented in one plane, constitute a solar photovoltaic panel or "solar photovoltaic module," as distinguished from a "solar thermal module" or "solar hot water panel." The electrical energy generated from solar modules, referred to as solar power, is an example of solar energy. A group of connected solar modules (such as prior to installation on a pole-mounted tracker system) is called an "array."
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related works on "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery were reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a solar powered automatic battery charger for 6 and 12v lead acid battery" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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