DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR POWERED ILLUMINATION AND CHARGING SYSTEM IN AN OFFICE
Nowadays, because of low energy or power consumption, low heat emission, low cost, the portability, wider application, energy saving bulb are highly used than florescent lamp which is powered and recharged using solar system . Solar powered office illumination system also known as office solar light or office solar lantern, is a lighting system composed of an LED lamp, solar panels, battery, charge controller and there may also be an inverter. The lamp operates on electricity from batteries, charged through the use of solar photovoltaic panel. Solar-powered office lighting can replace other light sources like candles or kerosene lamps. Solar lamps use renewable energy with infinity supply which is cheaper than standard lamps. In addition, solar lamps reduce health risk as kerosene lamps have a bad impact on human health. However, solar lamps may have higher initial cost, are weather dependent.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the project
1.2 Objective of the Project
1.3 Significance of the Project
1.4 limitation of the project
1.5 Application of the project
1.6 project organisation
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Historical Background of the Project
2.2Theories and Model Relevant to the Design
2.3System Component Description
CHAPTER THREE
CONSTRUCTION
3.1 Description of the System Building Blocks
3.3 Circuit diagram
3.4 Operation principle of the System
3.4 Circuit description
3.5 Component List
3.6 Complete Circuit Diagram of the System
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result analysis
4.1 construction procedure and testing analysis
4.2 casing and packaging
4.3 Assembling Of Sections
4.4 Testing of system operation
4.5 installation of the completed design
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Cost Analysis
5.2 Problems Encountered
5.3 Recommendation and Conclusion
5.4 References
CHAPTER
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This illumination system is a portable lighting device or mounted light fixture used to illuminate broad areas. This device may also be used for signaling, as torches, or as general light sources outdoors. Low light level varieties are used for decoration. The term " illumination system " is also used more generically to mean a light source, or the enclosure for a light source.
Solar illumination system is very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure these portable lights are able to instantly illuminate through battery back up and never allow us to stumble in the darkness. Although you will find a variety of them in different shapes and sizes in the market, but building your own emergency light at home can be a totally different experience. It will not only help you to create a quality design but also will acquaint you to the technical aspects of the unit. Besides, you also get an opportunity to customize the circuit as per your own needs.
In developing countries the solar illumination system is a cheap alternative to a Solar Home System (SHS) providing 4-5 hours of high quality lighting service or 15 hours of listening to the radio. It provides higher quality light than the use of candles or kerosene lamps. They are also used to provide street lighting in rural areas. In this case Light Emitting Diode (LED) solar lanterns are usually used.
It uses a PV panel to charge up a 12-Volt lead-acid gel cell battery located in the base of the lamp which is designed to withstand many charge/ discharge cycles. Other manufacturers may have different battery specifications. The light source is a compact fluorescent tube which should last four years in normal operation. There are many lamps on the market but the main working principles are the same.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a portable lighting gadget that can be powered directly from solar panel for the purposing of charging the battery which later used whenever there is power outage during the night, which contained charging system used for charging other devices such as mobile phones.1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Solar illumination devices are independent of the utility grid resulting to lessened operation costs. These means that these are wireless lights and are not connected to your electricity provider. The lights are dependent of the heat energy given off by the sun, storing as much of it throughout the day. Solar illumination system requires lesser maintenance than conventional street lights. These have lower chances of overheating. Since solar wires do not have external wires, the risk of accidents is minimized. A lot of times, accidents happen to the personnel who fixes the street light. These can include strangulation or electrocution. Solar illumination system is environment-friendly because its panels are solely dependent to the sun hence eliminating your carbon footprints contribution. Some parts of Solar illumination systems can be easily carried to remote areas making these more efficient and handy solutions to lighting problems.1.4 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Solar illumination system requires higher initial investment compared to conventional lantern. This is actually the main reason why most people are having second thoughts about switching to Solar illumination system. They consider the money they are required to spend without realizing the long-term benefits and the longer life cycle of solar street lights. Because these are non-wired, these can easily be stolen. The risk for theft is relatively higher because it has higher monetary value compared to regular street lights. Snow or dust, and moisture can accumulate on horizontal PV-panels. This leads to reduced or full stoppage of energy production. This is why illumination system need to be checked once in a while especially when placed on areas with extreme weather conditions, which can damage or shorten the life cycle of it. Rechargeable batteries must be replaced a few times within the lifetime of the fixtures. This adds up to the total lifetime cost of the lighting system. Just like other components, rechargeable batteries also get exhausted that is why you must include replacing them as part of your maintenance cost.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Rechargeable lantern is used in many places such as:
- In school library, hall and labs
- Churches
- Workshop
- offices
- Homes, etc
1.6 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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