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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOUND POWERED LECTERN /PODIUM

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TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOUND POWERED LECTERN LECTERN/PODIUM

BY

---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018



APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, " design and construction of a sound powered lectern lectern/podium" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
---
External Invigilator



DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.


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ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Numbers                                                    Title                                                                   Page DECLARATION                                                                                                 i

ABSTRACT                                                                                                         ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                                                 iii

DEDICATION                                                                                                     iv

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                   1-4

1.0.

Background of study

1

1.1.

Problem statement

2

1.2.

General Objectives

2

1.3.

Specific Objectives

2

1.4.

Scope of study

3

1.5.

Significance of study

3

1.6.

Organization of Chapter

4

1.7.

Limitations

4

CHAPTER

TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

6-17

2.0.

Lectern

6

2.1.

Applications of lecterns

7

2.2.

Sound Powered lecterns

10

2.2.1.

SL400 - Sound Powered Lectern

13

2.2.2.

SL370 Table Top Sound Lectern

15

2.2.3.

The Executive Sound Column Lectern

17

CHAPTER

THREE: METHODOLOGY

20-32

3.1.

Materials

20

3.1.1.

JRC4558

20

3.1.2.

Mid-Range PC Board Relays

21

3.1.3.

C945 NPN Transistor

21

3.1.4.

Cordless Microphone Module

22

3.2.

Designing

23

3.2.1.

Designing of System Device Block Diagram

23


3.2.2.

Design of System Device Circuit

24

3.3

Construction

25

3.3.1.

Construction of the Class AB Power Amplifier

25

3.3.2.

Split Power Supply

27

3.3.3.

Tone Control Circuit.

28

3.3.4.

Four Channel Audio Mixer

29

3.4.

Mode of operation of system device

31

3.5

System Design

31

3.5.1

System Device Block Diagram

31

3.5.2.

System device circuit

32

3.5.3

System Development

32

CHAPTER

FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

35-41

4.0.

Characteristics of Sound

35

4.0.1.

Noise Level and Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

35

4.0.2.

Sound Pressure Level Decreases with Distance

35

4.0.3.

Sound Reverberation and Absorption

36

4.1.

Discussion

37

4.2.

Costs Benefits Analysis

38

4.2.1

Material list

37

4.2.2

Labour cost

41

CHAPTER

FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

42

5.0

Conclusion

42

5.1

Recommendations

42

REFEREENCES                                                                                                                  43
GLOSSARY                                                                                                                          45
LIST OF TABLES                                                                                                                46
LIST OF FIGURES                                                                                                              47


CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

    • Background of study

 

Sound powered lectern is a handcrafted lectern constructed by using the finest solid hardwoods and artificial leather. The reading lectern is wide and deep providing over 12² inches of usable surface. The sound powered lectern is used for voice reinforcement in conference and meeting rooms, auditoriums, churches, hotels, motels, schools, meeting halls, etc. Sound reinforcement system is the combination of microphones, signal processors, amplifiers, and loudspeakers that makes live or pre-recorded sounds louder and may also distribute those sounds to a larger or more distant audience [1].
A sound reinforcement system is also used to enhance the sound of the sources on a stage. A sound reinforcement system may be very complex, including hundreds of microphones, complex audio mixing and signal processing systems, tens of thousands of watts of amplifier power, and multiple loudspeaker arrays, all overseen by a team of audio engineers and technicians. On the other hand, a sound reinforcement system can be as simple as a small public address (PA) system, consisting of a single microphone connected to an amplified loudspeaker. In both cases, these systems reinforce sound to make it louder or distribute it to a wider audience.
The result is superb voice reproduction with a minimum of reverberation. Additional features include: unidirectional dynamic microphone, shock-mount holder for the microphone, input for


second microphone, output for tape or external PA system, output for external speaker, speech equalizer with switch, auxiliary input, volume and tone controls [2].
A sound lectern would effectively cover audiences of 2500 or more indoor. Lecterns used in academia generally in seminar rooms and lecture theatres may have certain features that common lecterns lack, based on the technological sophistication of the venue. Lecterns of this sort are generally attached or integrated into a large desk, as the amount of support material tends to be larger in academic contexts than in straightforward public talks. In a church, the lectern is  usually the stand on which the Bible rests and from which the "lessons" (reading from Scripture) are read during the service. The lessons may be read or chanted by a priest, deacon, minister, or layperson, depending upon the liturgical traditions of the community. The lectern is normally set in front of the pew, so that the reader or speaker faces the congregation [3].

    • Problem Statement

 

Imaging the stress and complexity of setting up loudspeakers, amplifier and microphones with limited time. One can imagine the stress that it entails, especially with the margin of error being large enough to cause misconnection that could lead to damage of the system. Lectern in these modern days in almost every auditorium has one way or the other become a necessity as it serves as a slim table besides which a group of people could be addressed from. The powered lectern combines the whole setup into one unit which makes it convenient to be fixed anywhere public address and lecterns are needed.

    • General Objectives

The general objective of this project is to design and construct a sound powered lectern with a wireless microphone.


    • Specific Objectives

Specifically, the system device would be able to:

      • Produce sound for in-and-out door purposes.

 

    • Scope of study

Audio sources like dynamic microphones, MP3, Compact Disc players are considered based on their decibel and impedance and a 3 channel audio mixer is designed. The channels are well labeled for clarity of sources which require pre-amplification. The JRC4558 dual Operational amplifier is used to design a number class ‘A’ amplifiers which is used to balance sound levels. Active high and low filters are used as equalization of sound to improve on the frequency response of the signal from the mixing stage before further amplified by the class ‘AB’ power amplifier to the loud speakers. The input connectors would be mounted on the front panel and then connected to the three audio channel mixer. The mixer would source its power from  the split power supply via a 12volts regulator. The output of the mixer would directly be amplified by an inbuilt class ‘AB’ power amplifier. The loudspeakers are arranged in a format that ensures that the total impedance is between 4-16 ohms.

    • Significance of study

 

The significance of this project are as follows:

 

      • Accessible shelves inside a lectern allow for the convenient storage of lecturers’ pointers, papers, and laptop computers while keeping the paraphernalia out of sight until it’s ready for use.
      • Swift set-up requiring little or no expertise in setting up.

      • Built-in storage space gives the presenter and the presentation space a more professional look.
      • It has a 50 Watt inbuilt Amplifier.
      • It has an LED Light for reading.

 

      • It is designed to support an Anti-shock with gooseneck microphone holder for unidirectional Dynamic microphone.
      • It has a Mic/Aux Volume, Speech Filter and Tone Control.
      • It has two 6’’ loudspeakers with connection for External Speaker

 

 

    • Organization of the Study

Chapter one gives a background of the study and introduces the subject matter of the project. It also explains the purpose and objectives of the present work. Chapter Two explains the literature of the work and give some of the information already existing. Chapter three is titled Methodology, it introduces and informs the reader on the components used, method of design, construction, development and implementation of the prototype. Chapter four captures the system device test results and discussions. The project ends with chapter five where a final conclusion on the entire project is made and recommendations for further work.

    • Limitations

Basic limitation of the construction of this project is that:

 

      • Quality of electrical and electronics components in terms of its grade.
      • The cost of producing a single unit of this project is relatively expensive since the prices of electronics components are cheaper when bought in a high quantity.

      • Inadequate time and the high outages of power also amount in many challenges in coming out with a much more refined project.
The difficulties involved in getting the major components from class A source was very difficult because all the companies who manufactures these components do not sell components in small quantities and it was very hectic getting all these components.

CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of " design and construction of a sound powered lectern/podium" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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