DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SURVEILLANCE DRONE (QUADCOPTER)
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This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a surveillance drone" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are more popularly known as Drone, which is basically a flying robot (Rouse, 2015). Drones are most often used in military services. However, it is also used for weather monitoring, firefighting, search and rescue, surveillance and traffic monitoring [Kristen, 2014] etc. This kind of activities suggest that human officers (security organizations, law enforcement, police etc.) would be able to remotely monitor and view video and data acquired from Drones while planning and evaluating their operations. The spectrum of applications where drones are used for security purposes is vast: scouting and reporting emergencies, monitoring accidents and crimes, surveillance of a certain landscape area, operating in highly busy and pedestrians as well as their tracking from up in the sky, and so on.
The project will serve as a bridge to connect actual happening in areas that cannot be navigated easily by security personnel of corporate institution as the Drone will be used to hover and record the actual happening as it transmit to a ground station which records and analyses the events as they streams in, also due its capability of flying over different altitudes the drone can generally be used on areas with rugged terrains or over water bodies for a time dependent on its power capacity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- ASSUMPTIONS AND DELIMITATIONS
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
- LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 THEORY AND OPERATION OF DRONE
2.3 POWER SUPPLY AND PLATFORM - COMPUTING POWER
DRONE ACTUATORS
SOFTWARE
FLIGHT STACK
OVERVIEW LOOP
PRINCIPLES FLIGHT CONTROLS TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 HARDWARE DESIGN
3.3 COMPONENTS USED CONSIDERATION
3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.5 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.6 SPEED CONTROLLER CONNECTION DIAGRAM
3.7 SELECTION OF PROPELLER
3.8 DRONE MOVEMENT MECHANISM
3.9 HARDWARE DESIGN PROCEDURE
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND TEST ANALYSIS
4.1 ASSEMBLY
4.2 TEST
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION, CHALLENGESAND RECOMMENDATIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
- CHALLENGES
- RECOMMENDATIONS
5.2 REFERENCES
GLOSSARY
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
MAV Micro Air Vehicle
PDF Payload Directed Flight
ECMs Electronically Commutated Motors
BLDC Brushless DC motors
DC direct current
AC Alternating Current
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
ESCs Electronic Speed Controller
IEDs Improvised explosive devices
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Surveillance is the monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of people for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting them. This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment (such as CCTV cameras), or interception of electronically transmitted information (such as Internet traffic or phone calls); and it can include simple, relatively no- or low-technology methods such as human intelligence agents and interception and aerial surveillance where drones are applied to relay information and gathering the required data.
This work focuses on a quadcopter type of drone which is uses four rotors for lift, steering, and stabilization. Unlike other aerial vehicles, the quadcopter can achieve vertical flight in a more stable condition. The quadcopter is not affected by the torque issues that a helicopter experiences due to the main rotor. Furthermore, due to the quadcopter‟s cyclic design, it is easier to construct and maintain. In the project design of a quadcopter is constructed to ensure it can achieve a total flight of 10 minutes in Air with the possibility of future progress to improve in time and robustness.
1.2 problem statement
Visibility is often impaired for those inside the vehicles, making it difficult to see all possible threats ahead, behind, and to the side. Lack of visibility creates a significant danger from insurgents. Travel routes can span hundreds of miles where explosive detectors, bomb-sniffing dogs, or law enforcement is costly, but still does not guarantee complete safety. Improved visibility for individuals in the vehicles can help mitigate these external risks. The prototype can be applied as a bridge that can help record the happening of an area in space giving the real scenario with minimum human guidance
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the study
The main aim of this work is to design and construct a working model of a drone that will achieve total autonomous flight that can be used for surveillance
Specific objectives
- To gain some knowledge that will be applied in implementing this project
- To design and construct a drone that can successfully take off, the drone should fly unaided and smoothly.
- Carry out tests on the designed drone for maximum flight time, maximum height it can fly and the total range of laterally distance it can fly.
- To implement the drone and that will completely carry out instructions and commands given.
1.4 Assumptions and Delimitations
It is assumed that the drone will with stand the effects of wind as its general aerodynamic design is made to cater for any adverse effects. The propellers used by the Drone are designed at an angle that will give 80% efficiency in cases where the wind speed is normal.
1.5 Significance and Motivation of Study
This project created a platform to learn about the unmanned aerial vehicles such as the quadcopter. This expands the scope of the Electrical Engineering to include the control and the understanding of the mathematical components. The quadcopter has many applications that an interested to develop security systems, mapping and reconnaissance especially in a disaster and dangerous area. It also opens up the possibilities to broaden the understanding and application of control systems, stabilization, artificial Intelligence and computer Image processing as it applies to the quadcopter.CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a surveillance drone" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a surveillance drone" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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