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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED ELECTRIC OVEN

 

ABSTRACT

This project is titled the design and construction of a temperature control electric oven. It is designed to meet up with the safety and accuracy demand of electric oven usage in industries and homes in the absence of the user or operator.It is designed to control the temperature of the electric oven to a variable range (0°C -100°C) which must be set by the user or operator. And this can be achieved by the use of temperature sensor known as THERMISTOR which functions as a control switch. This thermistor is a temperature control device with a high or low resistance value which can go high or low when the temperature is increased or reduced depending on the type. In this project, this device is design in such a way that when the required temperature of the oven is reached, the heater of the device will automatically switched-off and will maintain the off stage until when the internal temperature the oven drop with about 3-6°C, and then it will switch-ON again in other to maintain that 100°C. And this automatic feature is controlled by a high current relay.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.2      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.3      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.4      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.5      LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.6      PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0      MAJOR COMPONENT’S DESCRIPTION
2.1      RESISTORS
2.2      DIODES
2.3      CAPACITORS
2.4      TRANSFORMERS
2.5      TRANSISTOR
2.6      INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
2.7     THERMISTOR
CHAPTER THREE
3.0      SECTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM 
3.1      COMPARATOR SECTION
3.2      SWITCHING (RELAY) SECTION
3.3      POWER SUPPLY
3.4     SENSOR
3.5    CIRCUIT OPERATION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.4      INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED SYSTEM
4.5      PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
4.6      COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1      CONCLUSION
5.2      RECOMMENDATION
5.3      BIBLIOGRAPHY


CHAPTER ONE

  •                                       INTRODUCTION

The idea behind the design and construction of this system is to make available or alternative means providing safety and accuracy demand for electric oven using for household or industrial purpose. This goes a long way in helping to curb the problem frequently encountered as a result of fire out break, burning of food, and inaccuracy found in measuring and maintaining temperature. That not with standing it makes it possible to have other means of heating food without constant temperature monitoring until when the required temperature will be achieved thereby creating time for the operator to be engaged on other works while the system is in operation.

Moreover, rate of fire accident cause by heating appliances in this country is high. So there is every need that other means of safety should be made available for constant running of our electric equipments and gadgets and also to provide comfort to man. Hence, with the help of a Thermistor Controlled electric oven, which has come to solve the problem of fire accident and inaccuracy found in temperature measurement in Nigeria, a steady running and operation of our electric equipments and gadgets is guaranteed.

1.2                               OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design to design a temperature control device which can control a temperature range of 0°C -100°C automatically – without the help of the user.

1.3                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Outside the culinary world, temperature control ovens are used for a number of purposes.

High heat dissipation: Temperature control ovens have the capacity to produce extreme heat. This means that the oven will always produce more heat without exhausting too much power. This ovens are known to provide superior heating temperatures.

Temperature management and control: This device can easily control the temperature levels of the oven. The temperature is controlled by using the knobs. The simple operating system allows users to easily manage the oven. The oven is durable, reliable, and high-functioning. We prioritize our clients and strive for exceptional customer care and quality results.

1.4                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Temperature controlled electric oven in industry work much the same way they do in common household applications. A basic temperature controller provides control of industrial or laboratory heating and cooling processes. In a typical application of this work is listed and discussed as below:

Heat Treat: Temperature controlled electric ovens are used in heat-treating applications within furnaces, ceramic kilns, boilers, and heat exchangers.

Packaging:
In the packaging world, machinery equipped with seal bars, glue applicators, hot melt functions, shrink wrap tunnels or label applicators must operate at designated temperatures and process time lengths. Temperature control oven can precisely regulate these operations to ensure a high quality product output.

Plastics:
Temperature control in the plastics industry is common on portable chillers, hoppers and dryers and molding and extruding equipment. In extruding equipment, temperature controllers are used to precisely monitor and control temperatures at different critical points in the production of plastic.

Healthcare: Temperature controlled electric ovens are used in the healthcare industry to increase the accuracy of temperature control. Common equipment using Temperature controlled electric ovens includes laboratory and test equipment, autoclaves, incubators, refrigeration equipment, and crystallization growing chambers and test chambers where specimens must be kept or tests must be run within specific temperature parameters.

Food and Beverage: Common food processing applications involving Temperature controlled electric ovens include brewing, blending, sterilization, and cooking and baking ovens. Controllers regulate temperature and/or process time to ensure optimum performance.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Temperature controlled electric oven includes a heating element for heating food contained in the electric oven, a sensor for sensing the temperature of the room of the oven, and a control unit being configured to collect data during the operation of the intelligent electric oven. The control unit is also configured to execute a predetermined program and calculate a cut-off temperature based on the data and a predetermined target temperature. The control unit is further configured to turn off the electric power provided to the heating element when the temperature of the food or the room sensed by the sensor is equal to or greater than the calculated cut-off temperature.
1.6                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Though temperature controlled kettle is designed to heat, but when the sensor is directly exposed to liquid (water) can damaged the sensor thereby causing the sensor to malfunctioning.

1.7                               PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
A temperature controlled oven a operates with Temperature controllers. Temperature controllers are needed in any situation requiring a given temperature be kept stable. This can be in a situation where an object is required to be heated, cooled or both and to remain at the target temperature (set-point), regardless of the changing environment around it. Temperature controllers are also used in ovens. When a temperature is set for an oven, a controller monitors the actual temperature inside of the oven. If it falls below the set temperature, it sends a signal to activate the heater to raise the temperature back to the set-point. However, the purpose of the work is to design an electric oven that has these functions.

1.8                          PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a temperature controlled electric oven. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a temperature controlled electric oven were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a temperature controlled electric oven. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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