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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED INCUBATOR
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This work is on temperature control incubator. An incubator is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles. incubator is an apparatus consist of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermoctal or thermictor; used for chicks or premature infants. Synoaym: brooder: it is an apparatus consisting of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermostat; used for chicks or premature infants. This study provides an opportunity to learn using sensors to measure the real world signals that are analog in nature. This work is based on a PIC16F688 microcontroller and an LM35 temperature sensor. LM35 is an analog sensor that converts the surrounding temperature to a proportional analog voltage. The output from the sensor is connected to one of the ADC channel inputs of the PIC16F688 microcontroller to derive the equivalent temperature value in digital format. The computed temperature is displayed in a 16×2 character LCD, in both °C and °F scales. Inside and outside room temperature are used in the controller design.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.3 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER AND THEIR WORKING PRINCIPLE
2.3 DEFINITION OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR
2.4 TYPES OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS
3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.4 SENSOR THEORY
3.5 SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND CODE
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
3.7 POWER SUPPLY
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.4 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED SYSTEM
4.5 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
4.6 COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of this Digital Temperature Controlled is to control the temperature of incubator or any other device like AC or any other electronic devices whose temperature keeps fluctuating and thus requires a constant watch on the device. The use of this system eliminates constant watching on the device by self controlling the temperature of the system.
Incubator has variety of applications but it has only one meaning, incubator is an apparatus consist of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermoctal or thermictor; used for chicks or premature infants. Synoaym: brooder: it is an apparatus consisting of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermostat; used for chicks or premature infants.
In the business world, an incubator is an enterprise that is set up to provide office space, equipment, and sometimes mentioning assistance and capital to new businesses that are just getting stated. (the tem is familiar in poetry farming, where an incubator is a specially – equipped home for baby chickens)> business incubators are set up by universities, non-profit groups, and increasingly by venture capitalists, especially for new web businesses. On the web, the space of growth and competition, especially of retail and business to – business (B2B) Web sites, is fostering software packages for the creation of “out-of-the box” Web sites. For more ambitious Web sites and technology product development, venture capitalists are discovering that the incubation idea provides an organized way to finance and monitor the progress of its fledging “chicks”.
1. An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing sinkable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.
2. Medicine: An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration.
3. A place or situation that permits or encourages the formation and development, as of new ideas: a college of that was an incubator of new approaches to sociology.
The small-scale apparatus for hailing eggs inspired the invention of incubators for peremptory born human infants, whose lives are often saved in an environment of controlled heat, humidity and ventilation. Another type of incubator has been developed for the culture of micro-organisms.
Incubator is a specialized crib used in carrying for infants, in which the temperature and oxygen content of the air can be controlled. Offer, babies who are born prematurely will be placed in an incubator until they have become strong enough to be housed in a regular crib.
1. An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such on temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing suitable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.
2. An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humanity, and oxygen concentration
Our proposed project consists of digital temperature sensors for more accurate temperature control in incubator. This system overcomes the disadvantages of thermostat/analog systems in terms of accuracy. This system can be used in any firm or organization where it is very important to maintain precise temperatures. LCD display is used to display the temperature and when the temperature exceeds the set limit, the heating element is switched off in order to control the temperature. After the heating element is switched off, it remains OFF until the temperature reaches below the exceed limit. Thus the system keeps on switching ON/OFF the heater or the AC for automatically controlling the temperature of the system. The system uses a digital temperature sensor in order to detect temperature and pass on the data to the microcontroller. The pic microcontroller processes data and sends the temperature to be displayed on LCD screen. The display consists of 7 segment display unit to display up to 4 numbers. It consists of 4 push buttons for setting the high and low temperatures. Pressing set button allows user to increment and decrement high and low temperatures. After that the system detects temperature and switches the load when it goes beyond set limits.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Nowadays, the incubator is widely used especially by farmers – to hatch their egg and by doctors – to incubate their patient’s pre-mature babies. Usually the conventional incubator is always heating the room depending on the fixed temperature setting and is not automatically adjusted by the users. In the central air conditioning control field, excellent real-time, high reliability, and good intelligence are proposed by many researchers. The traditional PID algorithm is, in fact, still playing a main role in the control process. The incubator system has becoming a field to be researched to improve the user convenience by applying intelligent system such as THERMOCOUPLE.
While the enhanced incubator system is being designed, the consideration of the type of control system must be included in a modeling design. In particular the controller must be able to avoid the inefficiency of having the air conditioning operate all the time. Several control options were considered at presence sensing circuit, which would turn the incubator off when nothing not in the room with the temperature sensor input, which would change the incubator operation depending on room temperature [1]. Based on the observation of the using the present conventional air conditioning application, it always working all the time without a systematic control. Therefore, the control of the incubator is adjusted through a feedback control system to monitor and maintain a constant temperature based on the data input from the sensor.
The objectives of this project are:
- To find the mathematical model of an incubator system.
- To design a controller using temperature sensor.
- To analyses the performance of the controller.
- Real-time temperature is displayed on its LCD screen.
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem happens when the incubator is still functioning although in the event of cold weather. The function is uncontrolled and must be manually turned on and off. Sometimes it can lead to high usage of electricity which in turn raises the electricity bill when the user forgot to switch it off. The system also does not have the capacity to adjust the room temperature regardless of the ambient temperature. To address the problem, the automatic temperature controlled incubator that can control the temperature automatically is proposed. The advantages of such a system are less energy usage, and provides more convenient to the consumers.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of this Digital Temperature Controller is to control the temperature of incubator or any other electronic devices whose temperature keeps fluctuating and thus requires a constant watch on the device.
Below are the scopes of the project:
This study provides an opportunity to learn using sensors to measure the real world signals that are analog in nature. This work is based on a PIC16F688 microcontroller and an LM35 temperature sensor. LM35 is an analog sensor that converts the surrounding temperature to a proportional analog voltage. The output from the sensor is connected to one of the ADC channel inputs of the PIC16F688 microcontroller to derive the equivalent temperature value in digital format. The computed temperature is displayed in a 16×2 character LCD, in both °C and °F scales. Inside and outside room temperature are used in the controller design.
The analysis controller performance in terms of automatic temperature control based temperature needed.
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Apart from using this device for incubator, this device can also be used for temperature control electrical appliances such as:
- Air conditioner
- Refrigerator
- Fan,
- Furnace etc.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background of a temperature controlled incubator, significance of a temperature controlled incubator, scope of a temperature controlled incubator, objective of a temperature controlled incubator, the need (benefit) of a temperature controlled incubator, limitation and problem of a temperature controlled incubator, advantages of a temperature controlled incubator was discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a temperature controlled incubator. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining of a temperature controlled incubator was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a temperature controlled incubator" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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