DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A THYRISTOR BASED CYCLOCONVERTER
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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A THYRISTOR BASED CYCLOCONVERTER
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The project aims at controlling the speed of a single phase induction motor making use of cyclo convertor mechanism through thyristors. It becomes difficult to control the speed of induction motors that usually operates at constant speed. The process is carried out in three steps. The project uses a microcontroller of 8051 family interfaced to a pair of slide switches for selecting the required speed range as F, F/2 and F/3. Thyristor is used for the purpose of controlling speed as the Ac supply frequency to the induction motors cannot be changed. As the switches are set the microcontroller generates the pulses to trigger the SCR’s in a dual bridge.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- TYPES OF CYCLOCONVERTERS
- METHODS FOR SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR
- TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS
- DESCRIPTION OF AN SCR
- SCR IN FORWARD AND REVERSE CHARACTERISTICS
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- COMPONENTS LIST THYRISTOR CONTROLLED CYCLOCONVERTER
- WORKING PRINCIPLE
- SYSTEM OPERATION
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM INSTALLATION
CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- PACKAGING
- MOUNTING PROCEDURE
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- RESULT
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In industrial applications Speed control of induction motor is necessary. There are several methods for the speed control of induction motor. Cycloconverter are used in very wide variable frequency drives with ratings from few megawatts up to many tens of megawatts. A cycloconverter is controlled through the timing of its firing pulses, so that it produces an alternating output voltage. It can also be considered as a constant frequency changer and typically contains silicon-controlled rectifiers. The development of the semiconductor devices has made it possible to control the frequency of the cycloconverter according to the requirement and deliver a large amount of controlled power with the help of semiconductor switching devices like thyristors, in order to get alternating output of variable frequency. The quality of the output waveform improves if more switching devices are used. Split- phase induction motors are widely used in many applications due to their energy efficient characteristics. Improvements in its performance mean a great saving in electrical energy consumption. Thus, a cycloconverter has the facility for continuous and independent control over both its output voltage and frequency.
This paper uses a thyristor controlled cycloconverter which enables the control of speed in steps for an induction motor. A pair of slide switches is provided to select the desired speed range (F, F/2 and F/3) of operation of the induction motor. These switches are interfaced to the microcontroller. The status of the switches enables the microcontroller to deliver the pulses to trigger the SCR‟s in a dual bridge. Thus, the speed of the induction motor can be achieved in three steps i.e. (F, F/2 and F/3).
Traditionally we use the converter and inverter to vary the AC supply frequency (i.e. it converts AC to DC by using converter and then inverter for DC to AC) to change the frequency which is very costly and complicated. Due to this switching of AC to DC and DC to AC the noise produces also the harmonics creates so the sensitive electronic devices may get damaged ,if the input and output waveforms is small then sub harmonics also get produced and this limitation is overcome by using the cycloconverter i.e. Intermediate DC stage is not used in this conversion.
Cycloconverter is used to convert the AC supply frequency from one input frequency to another output frequency. Cycloconverter is used for high power applications for driving induction and synchronous motor. So, cycloconverter is used for providing a variable frequency due to its 4-quadrant operation .Intermediate DC stage is not used in this conversion. In cycloconverter power flow is bidirectional.
1.2 AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to write on a device that changes the speed of an ac motor using the variable frequency drive. This device is a frequency converter from one level to another that can change AC power from one frequency to AC power at another frequency. Thyristor used enables the control of speed in steps for an induction motor.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The single phase to single phase cycloconverter connects with split phase induction motor. Which is operating without circulating current; the non-conducting thyristors should always be kept off otherwise the input power supply could be shorted. When the load current is positive, the output voltage is only controlled by phase control of thyristors T1 and T3 at the same time, the other two negative thyristors T2 and T4 are kept Off and vice-versa when the load current is negative. When the load current changes its direction at the same time ensuring that the two thyristor half bridges do not conduct at the same time.
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- This thyristor controlled cyclo converter drive can be used in industrial and domestic application such as the machine which have single-phase motor can be drive through this drive.
- This thyristor controlled cyclo converter drive can be used in vacuum cleaner, washing machine and water pumps.
- This drive can be used for controlling the speed of drill machine because some time we have required low speed and high torque for this purpose this is best drive.
- This drive can also be used for the speed control of cement mill drives, Ship propulsion drives, rolling mill drives, Scherbius drives, Ore grinding mills and mine winders.
- This thyristor controlled drive is less costly and efficient and compared to the other motor drives.
1.6 APPLICATIONS OF CYCLOCONVERTER
Applications include controlling the speed of AC machines like It is mainly used in electric traction, AC motors having variable speed and induction heating.
- Synchronous Motors
- Mill Drives
- Ship propulsions
- Grinding Mills
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Cycloconveters are extensively used for driving large motors like the one used in Rolling mills, Ball mills Cement kils etc. The out frequency of a Cycloconverters can be reduced upto to zero which helps us to start very large motors with full load at minimum speed and then gradually increase the speed of the motor by increasing the output Frequency. Before the invention of Cycloconverters, these large motors has to be unloaded completely and then after starting the motor it has to be loaded gradually which results in time and man power consumption.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of a thyristor based cycloconverter” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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