DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TWO-DIGIT DIGITAL COUNTER
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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TWO-DIGIT DIGITAL COUNTER
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a two-digit digital counter" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Dr. --- Dr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Dr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project. My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution. My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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In this work, we designed and constructed a digital counter circuit. The initial design criteria for the project were: to have a two digit output, to have the circuit count from 0-99, to include either a 555 timer or manual counter. Research was conducted into similar analogue electronic circuits and a suitable point of a digital die was identified. The digital counter circuit was designed using BCD 4506 binary counters and 7-segment display outputs. The circuit was modeled using proteus, which showed that the concept used in the design was okay. The circuit was then implemented and tested on a bread board before transferring it to a mother board. There are two modes of operation of the circuit: through manual switch which increments on its push, and through a 555 clock which increments automatically. In the end we were able to design and construct a two-digit, digital counter that was able to count between 0-99 using a 4026IC, shadow sensor and a 555 timer. The input clock pulses were from shadow sensors. We also discovered that the counter could be used to count many real world events; in different sectors.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL COUNTER
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIGITAL
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 THEORY
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.3 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.6 WORKING OF TWO DIGIT COUNTER CIRCUIT
3.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND TEST ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Generally, you can see the digital displays which display the score when buttons are pressed on score boards. The main heart of this score board is 2 digits up down counter circuit. The 2 digits are displayed on two 7 segment displays.
An instrument which, in its simplest form, provides an output that corresponds to the number of pulses applied to its input is termed a digital counter. In digital logic, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. A circuit which performs this function and has these characteristics is generally referred to as a digital counter [1].
Counting circuits belong to a particular class of sequential circuits. Each has one particular input and a number of outputs which follows some digital codes. The counter itself is a J-K flip-flop. Two major types of counting circuits exist; the Batch and the Measurement types [2].
Digital counters operate in the binary number system. This is so because binary system is easily and quickly carried out with electronic circuitry. Computer information is expressed in binary form (bits) because of the convenience of handling two clearly-defined states.
Digital counters since decade has been built and modified with a number of ongoing industry initiatives that have done much valuable work to define customer requirements. Counters are also useful in many applications of sequential logic that has a widespread use from simple digital alarm clocks to computer memory pointers. A counter is a collection of flip flops, each representing a digit in a binary number representation. Counters are found in many places where you might not expect to find them. A real estate agent uses a gadget she places on a wall to measure interior dimensions (distance between walls). The gadget uses a counter to time how long it takes an acoustical signal to travel across the room and return after reflecting off the opposite wall.
In this project, we build a 2 digit up down counter circuit using 4026 ic. Main principle of the 2 Digit Counter circuit is to increment the values on seven segment displays by pressing the button. When button 1 is pressed, the value on the display is incremented by one and when the other button is pressed, the value on the display is decremented by one.
The value on the display can be incremented and decremented from 0-99 as it uses only 2 displays. If you want to display 3 digits, three displays should be used i.e. three 7-Segment Displays. There are many circuits available for 2 digit counter but using a microcontroller reduces components and space on the board but simple programming is required.
1.2 AIM / OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this work is to design a two digit display which is used for counting. The idea behind this device is that it uses digital technology to count the occurrence of one event and showcase result. At the end of this work this device shall be designed.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to digitally display figure between 0 to 99 using ic 4026
.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This device is designed to display two digit display. In this project, we build a 2 digit digital counter circuit using 4026 ic. Main principle of the 2 Digit digital Counter circuit is to increment the values on seven segment displays by pressing the button. When button 1 is pressed, the value on the display is incremented by one and when the other button is pressed, the value on the display is decremented by one.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Digital counter is used to calculate the total time taken by the machinery. It can also be considered as an alarm and is found in microwaves, VCR, and various automobiles testing industry. Digital Timers is a device which has an importance for every person in the domestic and industrial sector as well. It is a device that helps in procuring your money by saving the electricity bill. Digital watches and clocks are prevalent in gym instruments and are also very common in electrical instruments and automobiles. Digital timers are specifically designed so that they can be used in scientific and research areas because they help in keeping a record of the events and results from the experiments.
1.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- It is used to count number of persons entering a room. It is used essentially in digital computers and other digital devices for memory storage and counting in different bases.
- The binary counting circuit can be modified and used in radioactivity Rate Meter for count rate per record.
- It can be modified and applied in frequency-dividing operations.
- It can be used in digital clocks and timers for counting events.
- This circuit can be used in scoreboards.
- Up/down counter is used for counting number of objects passed through a point.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
This particular Counter circuit is limited to 2 digits i.e. 0-99. If more than 3 digits are required, one should use another display which requires more pins from the controller.
1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER ONE: The complete chapter one of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter one of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter”consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on“design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” was reviewed.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of a two-digit digital counter” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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