DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TWO INPUT MIXER AMPLIFIER
USER'S INSTRUCTIONS: The project work you are about to view is on "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" . Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. This project topic "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" have complete 5(five) Chapters. The complete Project Material/writeup include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.Our aim of providing this "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" research materials. We are not encouraging any form of plagiarism. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works.
TITLE PAGE
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!
An audio mixer amplifier is an electronic device for combining, and modifying audio signals. The modified audio signals are summed to produce some combined amplified output signals.
Mixer amplifiers are most often used by recording studios but are also typically used in live situations by live sound engineers. There are two types of mixers, digital and analog, and both are commonly used by the same recording studio to achieve different results. In this work, an analog audio mixer using common electronics components, such as resistors, capacitors, potentiometers and operational amplifiers (Op-Amps).
The aim of this work is to build a 2-channel mixer which can accept two different audio signals at the same time and mix their different tracks by changing their volume levels.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN AMPLIFIER
2.3 FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS OF AMPLIFIER
2.4 APPLICATIONS OF AMPLFIER
2.5 REVIEW OF AUDIO MIXING
2.6 REVIEW OF MIXERS
2.7 TYPES OF MIXERS
2.8 FEATURES OF MIXERS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 UNIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
3.2.1 Two input mixing Preamp Circuit diagram
3.2.2 Mixing and Preamp Parts
3.2.3 Mixing and Preamp circuit description
3.2.4 Power Amplifier Circuit diagram
3.2.5 Power Amplifier Parts
3.2.6 Power Amplifier Circuit description
3.2.7 Power Supply Circuit diagram
3.2.8 Power Supply Parts
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Audio mixer is an electronic device for combining, routing, and changing the level, timbre and/or dynamics of audio signals. A mixer can mix analog or digital signals, depending on the type of mixer. The modified signals (voltages or digital samples) are summed to produce the combined output signals [1].
Mixers are used in many applications, including recording studios, public address systems, sound reinforcement systems, broadcasting, television, and film post-production [2]. An example of a simple application would be to enable the signals that originated from two separate microphones to be heard through one set of speakers simultaneously. When used for live performances, the signal produced by the mixer will usually be sent directly to an amplifier. An audio amplifier amplifier that amplifies low-power audio signals from the mixer (signals composed primarily of frequencies between 20 - 20 000 Hz, the human range of hearing) to a level suitable for driving loudspeakers. It is the final electronic stage in a typical audio playback chain [3].
In other words, an audio amplifier amplifies the power of the input signal which is why these types of amplifier circuits are used in audio amplifier output stages to drive loudspeakers.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In music industry, selection of different audio input to produce one amplified output is always difficult and it involves application of more electronics circuits. Mixers amplifiers allow for precise tuning of microphone inputs and speaker outputs. The result is clearer sound, and more volume from the sound system.
1.3 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this work is to build an audio amplifier which have and can accept two low different audio inputs to give out one amplified output. And the level of each audio input is controlled with potentiometer. The objectives of the study are:
- To build the system prototype
- To understand the operation of an audio amplifier
- To read and analyze the circuit diagram of a two input audio amplifier
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to amplify low-power electronic audio signals such as the signal from microphone or electric guitar pickup to a level that is high enough for driving loudspeakers. Amplifier takes weak signal and make it strong to drive a speaker.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Important applications include public address systems, theatrical and concert sound reinforcement systems, and domestic systems such as a stereo or home-theatre system.
Public address systems use a mixing console to set microphones to an appropriate level, and can add in recorded sounds into the mix. A major requirement is to minimize audio feedback [4].
Most bands use a mixing console to combine musical instruments and vocals.
Radio broadcasts use a mixing desk to select audio from different sources, such as CD players, telephones, remote feeds, or prerecorded advertisements. These consoles, often referred to as "air-boards" are apt to have many fewer controls than mixers designed for live or studio production mixing, dropping pan/balance, EQ, and multi-bus monitoring/aux feed knobs in favor of cue and output bus selectors, since, in a radio studio, nearly all sources are either prerecorded or pre-adjusted [6].
Noise music musicians may create feedback loops within mixers, creating an instrument known as a no-input mixer. The tones generated from a no-input mixer are created by connecting an output of the mixer into an input channel and manipulating the pitch with the mixer's dials [8].
Other places audio mixer have greater application include: including recording studios, public address systems, sound reinforcement systems, nightclubs, broadcasting, television, and film post-production. A typical, simple application combines signals from microphones on stage into an amplifier that drives one set of loudspeakers for the audience and also in a DJ mixer [6].
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Today there are many categories of mixer amplifiers used for multifarious purposes. In simple terms an amplifier picks up a weak signal and converts it into a strong one. It is widely used in several devices to boost electrical signals. Radios, televisions and telephones are a few examples to point out in this regard. There are innumerable other applications of amplifiers and it is not easy to enumerate all of them. Some of the common types of mixer amplifiers are used in electronic gadgets and audio systems. These are also used in musical instruments and guitars.
The role of a music producer is not necessarily a technical one, with the physical aspects of recording being assumed by the audio engineer, and so producers often leave the similarly technical mixing process to a specialist audio mixer. Even producers with a technical background may prefer that a mixer comes in to take care of the final stage of the production process.
Audio mixing is done in studios as part of creating an album or single. The mixing stage often follows a multitrack recording. The process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer, though sometimes it is the musical producer, or even the artist, who mixes the recorded material. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for reproduction on a CD, for radio, or otherwise.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this work covers taking two audio signals, merges them together and provides one output signals which is achieved by the arrangement of mixing, pre-amplifying and amplifier circuit.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Acoustics - the science or study of sound.
Alternating (AC) Current - currents that have a harmonic time dependence.
Ampere (A) - the unit of measurement for electrical current in coulombs per second.
Amplifier - an electrical circuit designed to increase the current or voltage of an applied signal.
Audio frequency - the acoustic spectrum of human hearing, generally regarded to be between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.
Capacitor - a charge storage device made up of two metallic plates separated by a dielectric, with equal but opposite charges. The AC impedance of a Capacitor is (1 / jWL) and acts as an open circuit in DC applications.
Circuit - a complete path that allows electrical current from one terminal of a voltage source to the other terminal.
Decibel (dB) - (1) a logarithmic scale used to denote a change in the relative strength of an electric signal or acoustic wave. It is a standard unit for expressing the ratio between power and power level. Using the logarithmic relationship for power PdB = 10*log[Pout/Pin] , a doubling of electrical power only yields an increase of +3 dB. Increasing the power tenfold will yield an increase of +10 dB and is a doubling of perceived loudness. The decibel is not an absolute measurement, but indicates the relationship or ratio between two signal levels. (2) SPL (sound pressure level) can be measured in dB. 0 dB represents the threashold of normal human hearing, 130 dB represents the threashold for pain, 140 dB causes irreparible hearing damage, and 150 dB can cause instant deafness, anything greater than about 192 dB can kill you.
Direct Current (DC) - current in only one direction.
Driver - a loudspeaker unit, consisting of the electromagnetic components of a speaker, typically a magnet and voice coil.
Hertz (Hz) - a measurement of the frequency of sound vibration. One hertz is equal to one cycle per second. The hertz is named for H.R. Hertz, a German physicist.
Input - connection from signal source.
Output - the sound level produced by a loudspeaker.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a two input mixer amplifier" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"
Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE
To view other related topics click HERE
To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE
Do you want us to research your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"
Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions
For more information contact us through any of the following means:
Mobile No 
:+2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]
Email address 
:engr4project@gmail.com
Watsapp No 
:+2348146561114
COUNTRIES THAT FOUND OUR SERVICES USEFUL
Australia, Botswana, Canada, Europe, Ghana, Ireland, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, United States, United Kindom, Zambia, Zimbabwe, etc
Support: +234 8146561114 or +2347015391124
Watsapp No :+2348146561114
Email Address :engr4project@gmail.com
FOLLOW / VISIT US VIA:
