DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TWO-WAY WIRELESS AUDIO ALERT SMOKE DETECTOR
This project is titled design and construction of a two-way wireless audio alert smoke detector Two-Way Wireless Sound All Smoke Detector with the ability to activate the sounders in all enrolled smokes during fire accident. A wireless alarm system employs two-way transceivers in a network of smoke detectors,a base station and other sensors. Wireless Smoke Detector is a vital part to the Two-Way Wireless fire alarm. With laws requiring sounders and smoke detectors in every bedroom, in addition to every common point of egress, the Wireless Smoke Detector provides a two-way wireless solution with signal acknowledgement and built-in sounder. In the event of a fire alarm, whether detected by another source, two-way wireless technology allows Controls to activate the built-in sounders of all enrolled smoke detectors during fire accident. The device is powered by long life 3V Lithium batteries and utilizes photoelectric smoke detection technology and includes rapid “rate-of-rise” and fixed temperature detection.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings. But in a case whereby fire alarm is installed that means everyone in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action. The same thing can also happen to our offices and industries. In order to notify residence of any building in the presence of fire accident from different room, a two way fire alarm system is used.
A two – way fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion from different rooms. A two way fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to construct a two way device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion from different room.
1.2 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
The primary advantage of a home fire alarm system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed. However, the reason most people have them is that they wanted a burglar alarm system and the cost of adding fire alarm features to a residential burglary system is relatively small.
Another advantage is that they are the only way to obtain remote monitoring services. This becomes important in cases where family members may not be capable of escaping from a fire without assistance. For example, if you have an older or physically impaired person in your home and a fire started when no one was home to assist that person, alarms alone might not be enough to assure their safety.
A feature of most monitoring services is the ability to keep special information on the residence which comes up on the computer screen whenever an alarm is received from that home. Thus, if there is a disabled person in the home who needs special assistance this fact will be known to the operator and can be passed along to the fire department when they are called.
1.3 PARTS OF FIRE ALARM
Fire alarm composed of the following parts:
- Primary Power supply: Commonly the non-switched 240 Volt Alternating Current source supplied from a commercial power utility. In non-residential applications, a branch circuit is dedicated to the fire alarm system and its constituents. "Dedicated branch circuits" should not be confused with "Individual branch circuits" which supply energy to a single appliance.
- Secondary (backup) Power supplies: This component, commonly consisting of sealed lead-acid storage batteries or other emergency sources including generators, is used to supply energy in the event of a primary power failure.
- Initiating Devices: This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices pull stations, heat detectors, or smoke detectors. Heat and smoke detectors have different categories of both kinds.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The device is designed for use with the Two-Way Wireless Transceiver for M1 Controls, in residential and light commercial applications. Two-way technology constantly monitors and adjusts RF power levels to deliver clear signals while maximizing battery life. To ensure signals get through, wireless fire alarm utilizes 900 MHz frequency-hopping spread spectrum to increase signal diversity and agility.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device will sound an alarm to alert homeowners of a smoke/fire event; it will also notify central stations, and it will also confirm that its wireless communication was received and stop transmitting to save power. It utilizes two-way communications that automatically engages the detector’s alarm, while also alerting the central monitoring station. It utilizes the two-way wireless communication technologies to provide bi-directional alarm features in residential environments. Major advantages of the device are:
- The presence of smoke alarms appears to help residents control small fires better. That is, four out of every ten fires reported to fire departments occur in the small number of homes without smoke alarms.
- When fires are reported to the fire department, the rate of death resulting from the fires is higher in homes without smoke alarms.
- Residents may not hear individual smoke alarms that are not interconnected to other units when they are on other floors of the house or in other rooms separated by a closed door - the possibility of wider use of interconnected smoke alarms is another opportunity for further improvement in home smoke alarm protection.
- As to the problem of children not waking to smoke alarms, Interconnected smoke alarms, with an alarm that would sound in each bedroom in response to a fire anywhere in the home, would address many of these concerns by increasing the proximity to a sounding device. Escape time increases when additional smoke alarms are installed in bedrooms
1.6 FEATURES/BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
Features/benefits of this system will include:
- Ability to retrofit older homes with an interconnected system without the need for expensive rewiring.
- Ability to provide early warning of fire no matter where in the home the fire originates.
- Extra time to reach children and the hearing impaired who may not hear an alarm.
- Modified units to provide customized warning to children and the hearing impaired.
- Ability to expand hard-wired systems to increase the level of fire protection.
- Extra protection in situations where one alarm in the home has dead or missing batteries.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- It is costly
- It has a complicated wiring
Because of the above-described limitation, prior wireless alarm systems are unduly complicated, especially for a typical homeowner to install or service, and do not have the benefits of typical hardwired systems. Accordingly, the full market potential of wireless home fire and security alarm systems has not been realized.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, features/benefits of the project, significance of the project, scope of the project, parts of fire alarm, advantages of the project, objective of the project, limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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