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This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
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DC motors are widely used in industries because of its versatile characteristics and because of power electronics devices its controlling is becoming sophisticated and precise, but on the other hand because of the power electronics devices power factor and total harmonics distortion problem is becoming more prominent. In this paper, DC motor control methodology was discussed.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
2.10 REVIEW OF DC MOTOR
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 COMPONENTS LIST
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING
4.4 ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT
4.5 PROJECT VIABILITY
4.6 PROJECT RELIABILITY
4.7 PROJECT MAINTAINABILITY
4.8 PROJECT EVALUATION
4.9 TESTING, TROUBLESHOOTING AND REMEDY
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
DC drives are DC motor speed control systems. Since the speed of a DC motor is directly proportional to armature voltage and inversely proportional to motor flux (which is a function of field current), either armature voltage or field current can be used to control speed
Because of low cost, less complex control structure and wide range of speed and torque, DC motor are popular in industry. Available methods of speed control of DC drives are field control, armature control and armature resistance control methods.
Speed of a DC motor can be controlled easily in both the ranges above and below the base speed. Most of the time, DC motors are customized at the time of installation as per the need which makes them irreplaceable. Armature voltage control method of speed control of DC drive is popularly used in which controlled rectifier or chopper are involved, though due to power electronics elements, an undesirable nonlinear torque speed characteristics are observed
The speed of dc motor is directly proportional to the supply voltage, if we reduce the supply voltage from 12V to 6V or the frequency
- 1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a device that provides variable speed to a dc motor
- 2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The only really satisfactory way of obtaining the variable-voltage d.c. supply needed for speed control of an industrial d.c. motor was to generate it with a d.c. generator. The generator was driven at fixed speed by an induction motor, and the field of the generator was varied in order to vary the generated voltage.
The motor/generator (MG) set could be sited remote from the d.c. motor, and multi-drive sites (e.g. steelworks) would have large rooms full of MG sets, one for each variable-speed motor on the plant.
For motors up to a few kilowatts the armature converter can be supplied from either single-phase or three-phase mains, but for larger motors three-phase is always used. Thyristor or diode rectifier can used to supply the field of the motor: the power is much less than the armature power, so the supply is often single-phase
It is accepted practice for motors supplied for use with thyristor drives to have laminated construction, but older motors often have solid poles and/or frames, and these will not always work satisfactorily with a rectifier supply. It is also the norm for drive motors to be supplied with an attached ‘blower’ motor as standard. This provides continuous through ventilation and allows the motor to operate continuously at full torque even down to the lowest speeds without overheating.
Low power control circuits are used to monitor the principal variables of interest (usually motor current and speed), and to generate appropriate firing pulses so that the motor maintains constant speed despite variations in the load.
1.3 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
Drawback of this method of dc motor speed control is that they are not able to control the motor speed smoothly at lower levels, and as the desired speed is decreased, the torque of the motor also decreases proportionately. Due to this, at any unpredictable point the motor may just halt very abruptly. Also, during power ON, the motor may just not start up at lower speed settings and may require an initial boost by increasing the setting. Such situations are pretty undesirable and do not constitute an ideal speed control.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device is mostly use in controlling the movement and speed of other devices in industries such as in conveyors, Lathe Machines, Centrifugal Pumps, Fans, Blowers, Conveyors, Lifts, Weaving Machine, Spinning machines, etc.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of a motor speed control is to take a signal representing the demanded speed and drive the motor at a variable speed.
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
This work is a Simple control of motor speed, it has:
- High reliability and
- Low initial cost of production
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a variable dc motor drive. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a variable dc motor drive were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a variable dc motor drive. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
This paper proposes an inexpensive and compact model of a variable motor control using 555 timers. Depending upon pre-determined data the signals from ic are conditioned and corresponding output pins are checked for correctness The system that has been implemented has shown considerable output that matched our requirement. This was achieved by small and user friendly 555 timers.
The project has been successfully completed and the main objective of emulating a dc motor variable speed has been achieved.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This control system is recommended for every electronics laboratories, and industries to aid those working or living in those places when it comes to repairing their equipments. This control system has to be perceived by the society and the world at large as a necessary and vital technological upgrade.
While working on this design, at some point in time we were carried away by the fact that our project is working as desired but on further thinking, we thought about the fact that our control system should working independently on its own when it comes to the power supply unit, that the system get its power from the public power supply system which is well known that it is not stable, so on this note , we will advice any further work on this control system to have its power supply independent on its own or better still use rechargeable batteries or solar if possible.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a variable dc motor drive" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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